Vocabulary:
Name:
Date:
Instructions: Below are the vocabulary words that we have studied over the last 1.5 years. You should have note cards for
all of the words. If you do not you need to make a note card for each word. You need to organize them by section and
keep them in an organized box/separate plastic bags.
SL students: Complete chapters 1-5, 7.4-7.5 (C.1-C.2), 8 (C.3-C.4), 15 (1-3), 18 (1-3)
HL students: Complete all.
Chapter 1:
Standard deviation
Error bars
Mean
Causation
Correlation
Range
Normal distribution
Null hypothesis
Variability
Frequency
Chapter 2.1-2.3
DNA
Multinucleate
Unicellular
Multicellular
Metabolism
Differentiation
Cell wall
Plasma memebrane
Capsule
Nucleoid area
DNA
Flagella
Pili
Binary fission
Emergent properties
Organelle
Ribosomes
Lysosome
Magnification
Surface area
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Mitochondria
Naked DNA
ER
Golgi apparatus
Nucleus
Vesicles
Vacuoles
Chloroplast
Chitin
Cellulose
Stem cell
Chapter 2.4
Phospholipids bilayer
Integral proteins
Peripheral proteins
Diffusion
Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic
Active transport
Passive transport
Osmosis
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Cholesterol
Glycoproteins
Semi-permeable
Concentration gradient
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Chapter 2.5
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
G1 phase
G2 phase
S phase
Anaphase
Telophase
Prophase
Interphase
Metaphase
Cancer
DNA replication
Centriole
Chromosome
Chromatin
Centromere
Spindle fibers
Sister chromatids
Cell cycle
Chapter 3.1
Polar
Non-polar
Covalent bond
High specific heat
Hydrogen bond
Cohesion
Solvent
Adhesion
Solute
Soluble
Solution
Insoluble
Chapter 3.2
Organic
Polymerization
Polymer
Monomer
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Polypeptide
Nucleic acids
Amino acid
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Maltose
Sucrose
Condensation
Hydrolysis
Fatty acids
Glycerol
Lactose
Peptide bond
Chapter 3.3
Nucleotide
Deoxyribose
Complementary
Nitrogen base
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Phosphate group
Double helix
Chapter 3.4
DNA replicaiton
Unzipping
Helicase
DNA polymerase
Semiconservative
Chapter 3.5
Gene
Transcription
Translation
Ribose
Uracil
RNA
RNA polymerase
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
DNA triplet
Codon
Anticodon
Degenerate
Universal
Chapter 3.6
Active site
Substrate
Denature
Enzyme
Catalyst
Specificity
Lactase
Activation energy
Kinetic energy
Chapter 3.7
Cell respiration
ATP
ADP
Anaerobic
Aerobic
Pyruvate
Glucose
Glycolysis
Alcoholic fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation
End-product inhibition
Ethanol
Chapter 3.8
Pigment
Electromagnetic spectrum
Chlorophyll
Wavelengths
Absorbance spectrum
Action spectrum
Reflection
Transmittance
Photolysis
Chloroplast
Chapter 4.1
Allele
Genome
Gene mutation
Base substitution mutation (point
mutation)
Frameshift mutation
Gene locus
Chapter 4.2
Meiosis
Diploid
Haploid
Homologous chromosomes
Crossing over
Recombination
Somatic cell
Gamete
Non-disjunction
Trisomy
Monosomy
Karyotype
Amniocentesis
Chorionic Villi Sampling
Down’s syndrome
Independent assortment
Chapter 4.3
Genotype
Phenotype
Dominant allele
Recessive allele
Codominant allele
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Carrier
Test Cross
Punnett grid
Monohybrid
Autosomes
Sex chromosomes
Sex-linked
Multiple alleles
Pedigree
Chapter 4.4
PCR
Gel electrophoresis
DNA profiles/DNA fingerprints
Plasmid
DNA Ligase
Restriction enzymes
Recombinant DNA
Genetically modified organisms
(GMO’s)
Clone
Therapeutic cloning
Human genome project
Reverse transcriptase
Genetic screening
Chapter 5.1-5.2
Species
Habitat
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Ecology
Autotroph
Heterotroph
Consumers
Producers
Detritivores
Saprotrophs
Trophic level
Food chain
Food web
Green house gases
Green house effect
Global warming
Infrared
Radiation
Precautionary principle
Chapter 5.3
Natality
Mortality
Immigration
Emigration
Carrying capacity
Limiting factors
Exponential phase
Transitional phase
Plateau phase
Chapter 5.4-5.5
Evolution
Natural selection
Heritable
Gene frequency
Artificial selection
Sexual selection
Variation
Resistance
Homologous structures
Selective pressure
Adaptation
Binomial nomenclature
Dichotomous key
Phyla
Porifera
Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Annelida
Arthropoda
Mollusca
Bryophyta
Filicinophyta
Coniferophyta
Angiospermophyta
Chapter 7.1
Antiparallel
Purines
Pyrimidines
Nucleosomes
Histone
3’
5’
Chapter 7.2
Nucleoside tri-phosphate
Leading strand
Lagging strand
Okasaki fragments
Replication fork (bubble/origin of
replication)
DNA polymerase III
DNA polymerase I
RNA primase
Chapter 7.3
Sense
Antisense
Introns
Exons
Splicing
Promoter
Terminator
Chapter 7.4
Polysome
Release factor
Initiation
Elongation
Translocation
Termination
tRNA activating enzyme
Chapter 7.5/C.1
Primary protein structure
Secondary protein structure
Tertiary protein structure
Quaternary protein structure
R-groups
-helix
-pleated sheet
Van der Waals forces
Ionic bonds
Conjugated protein
Fibrous protein
Globular protein
Disulfide bridges
Chapter 7.6/C.2
End-product inhibition
Competitive inhibition
Non-competitive inhibition
Allosteric site
Induced-fit model
Activation energy
Chapter 8.1/C.3
Oxidation
Reduction
Phosphorylation
Lysis
Kreb’s cycle/Citric acid cycle
Electron transport chain
Matrix
Electron carriers
NADH
FADH2
Chemiosmosis
ATP synthase
Oxidative phosphorylation
Substrate level phosphorylation
Cristae
Decarboylation
Chapter 8.2/C.4
Stroma
Thylakoid
Thylakoid space
Granna
Light-depdendent reaction
Light-independent reaction
Photosystem I
Photosystem II
RuBP
Rubisco
Carbon fixation
NADPH
G3P
TP
Carboxylation
Chapter 15 (D.1)
Miller-Urey experiements
RNA-world hypothesis
Panspermia
Endosymbiotic theory
Abiogenesis
Coacervates
Micropheres
Ribozymes
Chapter 15 (D.2)
Divergent evolution
Convergent evolution
Adaptive radiation
Allopatric speciation
Sympatric speciation
Stabilizing selection
Directional selection
Disruptive selection
Analogous structures
Speciation
Gene pool
Allele frequency
Polyploidy
Punctuated equilibrium
Gradualism
Transient polymorphism
Balanced polymorphism
Geographic isolation
Chapter 15 (D.3)
Radioactive dating
Carbon 14
Potassium 40
Half-life
Radioactive decay
Stereoscopic vision
Opposable tumb
Ardipithecus ramidus
Australopithecus afarensis
Australopithecus africanus
Homo habilis
Homo erectus
Homo neanderthalensis
Homo sapiens
Hominid
Genetic evolution
Cultural evolution
Chapter 15 (D.4)
Hardy-weinberg equation
Random breeding
Chapter 15 (D.5)
Clade
Cladistics
Homologous characteristics
Analogous characteristics
Cladograms
Phylogenetic relationships
Chapter 18 (G.1-G.2)
Niche
Quadrat
Transect
Competition
Herbivory
Predation
Parasitism
Mutualism
Competitive exclusion
Fundamental niche
Realized niche
Biomass
Gross production
Net production
Respiration
Primary succession
Secondary succession
Biome
Biosphere
Chapter 18 (G.3-G.4)
Biodiversity
Simpson diversity index
Conservation
Alien species (invasive species)
Extinction
Biological control
Biomagnification
CFCs
Ozone
Ultraviolet radiation
Indicator species
Biotic indices
Nature reserves
Edge effect
Habitat corridors
In situ
Ex situ
Captive breeding
Chapter 18 (G.5)
Maximum sustainable yield
r-strategist
K-strategist
Capture-mark-release-recapture
Lincoln index