Cells Study Guide
1. Define cell and describe cell processes
- cell is basic unit of life
- cell processes include: energy use through photosynthesis and respiration, homeostatis
by controlling what enters/leaves cell, reproduction, movement in single cells
2. Describe the discoveries that led to the development of the cell theory
- Hooke – named the small, hollow compartments in corks a cell
- Van Leeuwenhock – developed single lens microscope that was able to see live single
celled organisms
- Schleiden – plants are made of cells
- Schwann – animals are made of cells/ all living things are made of cells
- Virchow – cells come preexisting cells
3. List the three components of cell theory
- All living things are made of cells
- Cells come from preexisting cells
- Cell is basic unit of life
4. diagram the general structure of eukaryotic cell
5. Diagram a prokaryotic cell
6. Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells
- Eukaryotic cell: plant/animal/fungus/protist cells, have nucleus, have membrane bound
organelles, many different organelles with different functions, DNA in nucleus
- Prokaryotic cell: bacteria cell, no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, have ribosomes,
DNA spread throughout the cell
- ALL CELLS have a cell or plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA
7. describe how cell structure helps different cells function
- red blood cells: biconcave shape so flexible to squeeze into small places and increased
surface area for oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange
- white blood cells: round/different shapes that squeeze into infected tissue to engulf
invaders
- skin cells – thin cells in a thick layer to provide protection
- nerve cell – long thin with covering that speeds up impulse in one direction
8. relate cell parts/organelles to their function
- cell or plasma membrane: controls what goes in and out of cell
- nuclear membrane: controls what goes in and out of nucleus
- nucleus: controls all cell processes
- nucleolus: makes ribosomes
- cytoplasm: jellylike substance that holds organelles in place
- mitochondria: makes energy for cell (respiration)
- endoplasmic reticulum: synthesizes and transports ribosomes/material around the cell
- golgi body: packages proteins/carbs for export from the cell
- lysosome: digests material not needed
- ribosome: makes proteins
- vacuole: stores water, food, nutrients
- cell wall: provides structure in plant cells
- chloroplast: traps light to make glucose for plant
- cytoskeleton: support and give cell its shape
- centrosome: makes microtubules and contains centriole
- flagella: tail that helps cell move
- cilia: hairs around cell that help it move
9. distinguish between plant cells, animal cells, bacteria, and virus
- plant cells have cell wall and chloroplasts but animal cells do not have these organelles
- 1 large vacuole in plant cell and many small ones in animal cell
- Both animal and plant cells are eukaryotes and bacteria is a prokaryotic cell
- Animal and plant cells have a nucleus containing the DNA but bacteria does not have a
nucleus so DNA floats around in center of cell
- Animal cell, plant cell, and bacteria have a cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes, and
cytoplasm
- Animal cell, plant cell, bacteria, and virus contain DNA
- Virus cell is non-living and requires a host cell to reproduce but animal cell , plant cell,
and bacteria can reproduce by themselves through the processes of mitosis