Study Guide for the Chapter 11 Test
Reissfelder L.H.S. Biology
FORMAT OF TEST:
25-40 multiple choice questions
The test will include two (or more) pedigrees with several genotype analysis and/or type
of inheritance analysis questions.
BE ABLE TO ANSWER MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS ABOUT:
1. (11.1-1) Analyze patterns of inheritance in pedigrees to determine whether the traits
are dominant or recessive.
Determine typical patterns seen in various types of inheritance shown in pedigrees
(autosomal dominant & recessive; X-linked recessive & dominant)
Calculate the percent chance of certain genotypes or phenotypes showing up in the
offspring, given their parents’ genotypes or phenotypes, in autosomal recessive inheritance, Xlinked dominant & recessive inheritance and co-dominant inheritance.
2. (11.1-2) Summarize examples of diseases that are inherited in a dominant or recessive
pattern.
Identify the distinguishing characteristics of the following diseases: albinism,
alkaptonuria, Tay-Sach syndrome, Turner syndrome, Down syndrome, achondroplasia,
Huntington disease & cystic fibrosis.
Infer the genotypes of people in a pedigree, given their phenotypes and the type of
inheritance shown in the pedigree.
3. (11.1-3) Construct pedigrees of human traits from collections of genetic information.
Synthesize a pedigree of a family’s inherited condition using the parts of pedigree
diagrams & their uses in pedigrees (squares, circles, vertical lines, horizontal lines, Roman
numbers; empty/open squares & circles, half-filled squares & circles, filled-in squares &
circles)
4. (11.2-1) Distinguish between these various complex inheritance patterns: incomplete
dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, polygenic traits & epistasis.
Differentiate between the ways that several non-Mendelian types of inheritance work
(co-dominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, epistasis, dosage compensation)
5. (11.2-2) Contrast the effects of sex-linked recessive & sex-linked dominant traits in
humans.
Determine typical patterns seen in various types of inheritance shown in pedigrees:
Explain why patterns of people in a pedigree affected with either X-linked recessive or Xlinked dominant differ, depending on the type of inheritance and their gender.
Study Guide for the Chapter 11 Test
(continued)
Reissfelder L.H.S. Biology
6. (11.2-3) Explain how sex determination occurs, using the XY system.
Contrast the difference between autosomes & sex chromosomes
7. (11.2-4) Discuss the interrelationship between dosage compensation, chromosome
inactivation & Barr bodies.
8. (11.3-1) Distinguish normal karyotypes from those with abnormal numbers of
chromosomes.
Explain the purpose & diagnostic use of karyotypes in determining genetic disorders
caused by an unusual number of chromosomes.
9. (11.3-2) Define what telomeres are; describe their role in a cell.
Explain the role of telomeres in the protection of chromosomes; also, their role in
causing cancer and aging
10. (11.3-3) Relate the effects of nondisjunction to examples of diseases which involve
abnormal numbers of chromosomes.
Explain the formation of monosomy & trisomy due to nondisjunctions during meiosis I
& II.
Explain the causes/effects of a certain monosomy (Turner syndrome) on an individual.
Explain the causes/effects of certain trisomies (Down syndrome, Klinefelter’s
syndrome, XXX & XXXX females, Edward’s syndrome, Patau syndrome) on an individual.
11. (11.3-4) Assess the benefits & risks of diagnostic fetal testing.
Explain the benefits & risks of three fetal testing methods: amniocentesis, chorionic
villus sampling (CVS) & fetal blood sampling.
Given a certain situation involving the possible use of fetal testing methods, identify
which one of the three is the one least likely to cause complications to the fetus & mother.