Geophysical Research Letters (GRL)
Supporting Information for
On the Incident Solar Radiation in CMIP5 Models
Linjiong Zhou1,2,3, Minghua Zhang3,4, Qing Bao1, Yimin Liu1
1 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute
of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
3 School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook
University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
4 International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, China
Contents of this file
Figures S1 to S2
Tables S1 to S2
Additional Supporting Information (Files uploaded separately)
Captions for Tables S1 to S2
Table S1. CMIP5 Models, Used in This Study
Table S2. The correlations and the corresponding statistical significance level of positive
correlations between the zonal variations averaged between 40°S to 40°N of SDT and high,
middle, low and total cloud amount, between SDT and shortwave and longwave cloud effects,
between SDT and 500hPa omega.
Captions for Figures S1 to S2
Fig. S1. Annual-mean incident shortwave radiation at the top of atmosphere along the Equator
from the general circulation models in CMIP5. Units: W/m2.
Fig. S2. Comparison between SDT bias and (a) surface temperature (TS), (b) precipitation (PR),
(c) sensible heat (SH), and (d) latent heat (LH) bias over land between 15°S and 15°N. X-axis:
DST (W/m2). Each point represents the annual mean value in one grid box over lands. Red lines
are their linear fittings. 3-hourly radiation time step is used.
Introduction
This supporting information provides two tables, of which one lists all CMIP5 models used in
this study, the other provides the correlations and the corresponding statistical significance level
between insolation and different climatological fields. This supporting information also provides
two figures. Figure 1 is annual-mean incident shortwave radiation at the top of atmosphere along
the Equator from the general circulation models in CMIP5, which don’t exhibit spurious
variations. Figure 2 shows comparison between insolation bias and surface temperature,
precipitation, sensible heat and latent heat bias.
Table S1. CMIP5 Models, Used in This Study
Model Abbreviation
Model Institution and Country
bcc-csm1-1
Beijing Climate Center (BCC), China Meteorological
Administration (CMA), China
BNU-ESM
College of Global Change and Earth System Science
(GCESS), Beijing Normal University (BNU), China
CanAM4
Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis
(CCCma), Canada
CCSM4
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), USA
CESM1-CAM5
National Science Foundation (NSF), Department of Energy
(DOE), National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR),
USA
EC-EARTH
EC-EARTH consortium, Europe
inmcm4
Institute for Numerical Mathematics (INM), Russia
NorESM1-M
Norwegian Climate Centre (NCC), Norway
ACCESS1-0,
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
ACCESS1-3
Organisation (CSIRO), Australia, and Bureau of Meteorology
(BOM), Australia
CMCC-CM
Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per I Cambiamenti Climatici
(CMCC), Italy
CNRM-CM5
Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques (CNRM),
Centre Europeen de Recherche et Formation Avancees en
Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), France
CSIRO-Mk3-6-0
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organisation (CSIRO) in collaboration with the Queensland
Climate Change Centre of Excellence (QCCCE), Australia
FGOALS-g2,
The State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for
FGOALS-s2
Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
(LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), China
GFDL-CM3, GFDL-
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), USA
HIRAM-C180
GISS-E2-R
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), USA
HadGEM2-A
Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC), UK
IPSL-CM5A-LR,
Institut Pierre-Simon Laplac (IPSL), France
IPSL-CM5A-MR,
IPSL-CM5B-LR
MIROC5
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
(JAMSTEC), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute
(AORI) (The University of Tokyo), and National Institute for
Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan
MPI-ESM-LR, MPI-
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Germany
ESM-MR
MRI-AGCM3-2H,
MRI-AGCM3-2S,
MRI-CGCM3
Meteorological Research Institute (MRI), Japan
Table S2. The correlations and the corresponding statistical significance level of positive
correlations between the zonal variations averaged between 40°S to 40°N of SDT and
high, middle, low and total cloud amount, between SDT and shortwave and longwave
cloud effects, between SDT and 500hPa omega.
Variable
Correlation
Significance Level
High Cloud Amount
0.308
99.9829%
Middle Cloud Amount
0.355
99.9987%
Low Cloud Amount
0.123
85.7856%
Total Cloud Amount
0.389
99.9999%
Shortwave Cloud Effect
-0.771
100.0000%
Longwave Cloud Effect
0.346
99.9979%
500hPa Omega
-0.437
100.0000%
Fig. S1. Annual-mean incident shortwave radiation at the top of atmosphere along the
Equator from the general circulation models in CMIP5. Units: W/m2.
Fig. S2. Comparison between SDT bias and (a) surface temperature (TS), (b)
precipitation (PR), (c) sensible heat (SH), and (d) latent heat (LH) bias over land between
15°S and 15°N. X-axis: DST (W/m2). Each point represents the annual mean value in one
grid box over lands. Red lines are their linear fittings. 3-hourly radiation time step is
used.