Ch 11 & 12 Self Test
Chapter 11: The Continuity of Life: Cellular Reproduction
1. When a cell divides, what must it pass on to its offspring?
a. a complete set of genetic instructions (that is, one copy of every gene)
b. a complete set of messenger RNA molecules, so that the offspring cells can express every gene
c. cytoplasmic components needed for survival, such as ribosomes, RNA polymerase, and organelles (in eukaryotic cells)
d. all of the above
e. Both the first and third answers are correct.
4. Which of the following events occurs during the interphase portion of the eukaryotic cell cycle?
a. cytokinesis
b. DNA replication
c. chromosome condensation
d. metaphase
5. Which of the following correctly lists the order of the stages during mitosis?
a. metaphase, telophase, anaphase, prophase
b. anaphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase.
c. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (PMAT)
d. telophase, metaphase, anaphase, prophase
6. During the process of cytokinesis in plants, __________.
a. carbohydrate-containing vesicles fuse in the center of the cell, eventually splitting the cell in two (cell plate)
b. microfilaments squeeze the cell in two
c. the cytoplasm moves from one spindle pole to the other
d. chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cytoplasm
7. Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis in a multicellular organism?
a. growth from a fertilized egg
b. replacement of damaged cells
c. maintenance of tissues
d. production of gametes
9. Alternate forms of a particular gene are called __________.
a. alleles
b. mutations
c. clones
10. Meiosis comes from a Greek word that means "to decrease." What decreases during the process of meiosis?
a. the size of chromosomes
b. the number of cells
c. the length of the DNA double helices
d. the number of chromosomes
11. During the process of meiosis, DNA is replicated __________, followed by __________ nuclear divisions.
a. twice, two
b. twice, one
c. once, two
d. once, one
12. During meiosis I, __________ separate; during meiosis II, __________ separate.
a. homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids
b. sister chromatids, homologous chromosomes
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Ch 11 & 12 Self Test
c. sister cells, gametes
d. DNA double helices, DNA double helices
13. Genetic recombination (crossing over) produces __________.
a. new chromosomes
b. mutations
c. new combinations of alleles
d. longer chromosomes
14. Sexual reproduction produces genetic diversity by __________.
a. creating new combinations of homologous chromosomes
b. creating new combinations of alleles
c. fusing gametes to form the diploid organism
d. all of the above
18. Mating a male donkey to a female horse produces mules. Horses have 64 chromosomes and donkeys have 62 chromosomes. How many chromosomes do mules have? Why are
they sterile?
a. The mule has 126 chromosomes and is sterile because 126 chromosomes are too many to go through meiosis.
b. The mule has 64 chromosomes, as does its mother. It is sterile as a result of mutations that prevent sperm production.
c. The mule has 63 chromosomes and is sterile because the chromosomes cannot pair properly at metaphase of meiosis I.
d. The mule has 63 chromosomes and is sterile because the chromosomes cannot pair properly at metaphase of meiosis II.
20. To what does the term haploid refer?
a. chromosomes that contain the same genes
b. cells that contain a pair of each type of chromosome
c. a complete set of chromosomes from a single cell that have been stained for microscopic examination
d. cells that contain only one of each type of chromosome
21. During what part of the cell cycle are chromosomes duplicated?
a. prophase
b. metaphase
c. anaphase
d. interphase
22. If a diploid cell replicates its DNA so that it now contains an amount of DNA equal to 4n, how does a haploid gamete get a 1n number of chromosomes and a 1n amount of DNA?
a. There are two meiotic divisions and four daughter cells produced in meiotic cell division.
b. There is only one meiotic division and two daughter cells produced in meiotic cell division.
c. There is only one meiotic division and four daughter cells produced in meiotic cell division.
d. none of the above
24. Prokaryotic cells divide by undergoing a process called _____binary fission_______________.
25. Eukaryotic cells undergo a cellular division process called ____mitosis________________.
26. Gametes are produced by a special cellular division process called ______meiosis______________.
27. During mitosis, sister chromosomes are connected to each other at the ________centromere____________.
29. _______Alleles_____________ are alternate forms of a given gene.
40. After a chromosome is duplicated, it consists of two _sister chomatids_____________ connected at the centromere.
41. If the diploid chromosome number of an organism is 24, its haploid chromosome number must be __12______.
42. The phase of meiosis during which chromosomes condense, and homologous chromosomes pair up is called _____prophase I_________.
43. The phase of meiosis during which sister chromatids separate and move apart is called ____anaphase II__________.
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Ch 11 & 12 Self Test
45. At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes arranged along a plane at the midline of the cell?
a. anaphase
b. telophase
c. metaphase
d. prophase
e. interphase
46. A diploid cell contains in its nucleus
a. an even number of chromosomes
b. an odd number of chromosomes
c. one copy of each homologue
d. either an even or an odd number of chromosomes
e. two sister chromatids of each chromosome during G1
47. Synthesis of new DNA occurs during
a. prophase
b. interphase
c. mitosis
d. cytokinesis
e. formation of the cell plate
Chapter 12: Patterns of Inheritance
3. If a plant is true-breeding for a flower color, it is __________ for the flower-color gene.
a. homozygous
b. heterozygous
c. dominant
4. A Punnett square is __________.
a. a method of crossing pea plants
b. a chart that can help you keep track of the alleles during genetic crosses
c. named after an Augustinian monk in Brno, Moravia (currently part of the Czech Republic)
5. If a gene has alleles that are incompletely dominant, an individual that is heterozygous will have characteristics that are __________.
a. the same as organisms that are homozygous for the recessive allele
b. the same as organisms that are homozygous for the dominant allele
c. intermediate between organisms that are homozygous for the recessive allele and organisms that are homozygous for the dominant allele
7. Cystic fibrosis is a recessive trait. Imagine that your friend Roger has cystic fibrosis but that his parents do not. What do you know about Roger's alleles and those of his parents at the
cystic fibrosis locus of their DNA?
a. This information is insufficient to allow me to conclude anything about the cystic fibrosis alleles in the DNA of Roger's parents.
b. This information is insufficient to allow me to conclude anything about the cystic fibrosis alleles in Roger’s DNA.
c. Roger is heterozygous and his parents are homozygous at the cystic fibrosis locus.
d. Roger is homozygous and his parents are heterozygous at the cystic fibrosis locus. (Roger must be cc if he has the disease. Both parents must be Cc for
Roger to inherit 2 recessive alleles.)
8. Anne Boleyn, King Henry VIII's second wife, was beheaded because she did not provide him with a son as an heir. Explain why King Henry should have blamed himself and not his
wife.
a. All of the sperm that males produce contain an X chromosome, so their genetic contribution to the child determines its sex.
b. All of the eggs that females produce contain an X chromosome, so their genetic contribution to the child does not determine its sex.
c. The eggs that females produce contain either an X or a Y chromosome, so their genetic contribution to the child is unrelated to its sex.
11. A couple brings home their new, nonidentical twin daughters, Joan and Jill. After several months, the father begins to suspect that there was a mix-up at the hospital, because Jill
doesn’t look much like either parent or like her sister. When the twins' blood tests come back, the father calls his lawyer to start a lawsuit against the hospital. The mother, father, and
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Ch 11 & 12 Self Test
Joan have type A blood, but Jill has type O blood. Does the father have a case? Explain your answer. (The gene for blood type has three alleles: A, B, and O. The A and B alleles are
codominant, and the O allele is recessive.)
a. No, because parents with type A blood can have a child with type O blood.
b. No, because parents with any blood type (A, B, AB, or O) can produce children with type O blood.
c. Yes, because all of this couple’s children will have type A blood.
d. Yes, because people with type A blood can pass on only A alleles to their children.
12. What are alleles?
a. specific physical locations of genes on a chromosome
b. variations of the same gene (i.e., similar nucleotide sequences on homologous chromosomes)
c. homozygotes
d. heterozygotes
23. When true breeding snapdragons with red flowers are cross-bred with true breeding white-flowered snapdragons, the offspring exhibit a color between white and red. This is because
red and white have ________incomplete____________ dominance over each other.
28. Some people are said to be "carriers" of genetic disorders. What does this mean?
a. The individual is heterozygous for the disorder, and the allele for the disorder is recessive.
b. The individual is heterozygous for the disorder, and the allele for the disorder is dominant.
c. The individual is homozygous for the disorder.
d. The individual is homozygous for the disorder, but is protected by the presence of an immunity gene.
29. Which of the following is true of a man with hemophilia?
a. The man inherited the hemophilia gene from his mother. (Males are XY, so the X had to come from the mother.)
b. The man inherited the hemophilia gene from his father.
c. The man could have inherited the hemophilia gene from either his mother or his father.
34. Heterozygous individuals are ____carriers__________ of recessive genetic disorders.
37. An organism is described as Rr:red. The Rr is the organism’s [A]; red is the organism’s [B]; and the organism is [C].
a. [A] phenotype; [B] genotype; [C] degenerate
b. [A] karyotype; [B] hybrid; [C] recessive
c. [A] genotype; [B] phenotype; [C] heterozygous
d. [A] gamete; [B] linkage; [C] pleiotropic
e. [A] zygote; [B] phenotype; [C] homozygous
39. A lawyer tells a male client that blood type cannot be used to his advantage in a paternity suit against the client because the child could, in fact, be the client’s, according to blood
type. Which of the following is the only possible combination supporting this hypothetical circumstance? (Answers are in the order mother: father: child.)
a. A:B:O (IAi x IBi can produce a child with ii)
b. A:O:B
c. AB:A:O
d. AB:O:AB
e. B:O:A
42. Sex-linked disorders such as color blindness and hemophilia are
a. caused by genes on the X chromosome
b. caused by genes on the autosome
c. caused by genes on the Y chromosome
d. expressed only in men
e. expressed only when two chromosomes are homozygous recessive
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