Final Exam Schedule
Wednesday, May 29
8 AM
Period 6
B107
Period 8
B109
Period 9
B114
Chapter 8 Vocabulary
Energy
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Photosynthesis
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
Conservation of energy
Light
Autotroph
Pigments
Heterotroph
Chlorophyll
Metabolism
Chloroplast
Catabolic reactions
Thylakoid
Anabolic reactions
Stroma
Cellular respiration
Light dependent reactions
Light independent reactions
(Calvin cycle)
Electron transport chain
Water
Photosystem
NADPH
ATP synthase
Chapter 8 concepts:
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What is the photosynthetic equation?
What is energy? Why is energy important for living things?
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics? How is important when studying chemical reactions?
What is the difference between heterotroph and autotroph?
What is metabolism? What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions?
Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
What is the structure of ATP? What is ATP’s role in the cell?
How does ATP STORE and RELEASE energy for the cell?
What is the visible light spectrum? What colors have shorter wavelengths? Longer? What colors
have the most energy? The least amount of energy?
What is a pigment? Describe how pigments like chlorophyll and carotenoids absorb and reflect
light.
What is the role of chloroplast in the cell?
Identify the thylakoid and stroma of a chloroplast.
Define light dependent reactions.
o Where do the light dependent reactions take place?
o What are the reactants of the light dependent reactions?
o What are the products of the light dependent reactions?
o What is the role of water in the light dependent reactions?
o What is the role of photosystems in the light dependent reactions?
o What is the role of NADPH as an electron carrier?
o How does ATP synthase produce ATP molecules?
Define the purpose of the Calvin Cycle or the light independent reactions.
o What are the main reactants of the reactions?
o What are the main products of the reactions?
Chapter 9 Vocabulary
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Surface area
Volume
Surface area to
volume ratio
Cell division
Cell cycle
Interphase
Mitosis
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Cytokinesis
Gap 1 (G1)
Synthesis (S)
Gap 2 (G2)
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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Chromatin
Chromosomes
Sister chromatids
Centromere
Cancer
Chapter 9 Concepts:
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How is the surface area represented in a cell? What happens when the volume of a cell
increases? Why must cells remain small in terms of surface to volume ratio?
List three reasons why cell are limited in size and remain small.
Define cell division. Why is cell division important for cells?
What is the cell cycle? What are the three main stages of the cell cycle?
What is interphase? What are the stages of interphase? What takes place in each of the stages
of interphase?
What are the stages of cell division?
What takes place in each of the following stages of mitosis:
o Prophase
o Metaphase
o Anaphase
o Telophase
What takes place during cytokinesis?
What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?
What is a sister chromatid? When do sister chromatids form? What are sister chromatids
separated?
Label the following diagrams correctly:
o Centrioles
o Spindle (spindle fibers)
o Sister chromatids/Centromere
o Nuclear membrane
How do cancer cells form? What are carcinogens?
Chapter 10 Vocabulary
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Genes
Homologous
chromosomes
Gamete
Haploid
Fertilization
Diploid
Meiosis
o Prophase I
o Metaphase I
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o Anaphase I
o Telophase I
o Prophase II
o Metaphase II
o Anaphase II
o Telophase II
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Gregor Mendel
Genetics
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P/F1/F2 generations
Allele
Dominant
Recessive
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Genotype
Phenotype
Law of Segregation
Punnett Square
Chapter 10 Concepts:
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What are genes? How do genes control traits?
What are homologous chromosomes? How many homologous pairs of chromosomes do
humans have in each cell?
What are gametes? What is the process by which gametes form?
What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?
What happens to the number chromosomes during Meiosis I?
Compare and contrast Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction.
Who was Gregor Mendel? Why was his research important?
Explain his experiment with pea plants and the results of the F1 and F2 generations. How did
these results lead to the identification of dominant and recessive factors?
What are alleles?
What combinations of alleles are needed in homozygous or heterozygous individuals?
What is the difference between genotypes and phenotypes?
What is the Law of Segregation? How does it apply to Punnett Squares?
How can you use a Punnett Square to predict the possible genotype and phenotypes of
offspring?
Chapter 11 Vocabulary
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Recessive genetic disorders
Dominant genetic disorder
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Multiple alleles
Sex determination
o Sex chromosomes
o Autosomes
Sex-linked traits
Chapter 11 Concepts:
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What are recessive genetic disorders? Explain how cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic disorder.
What are dominant genetic disorders? Explain how Huntington’s disease is a dominant disorder.
What is incomplete dominance? Explain how red-flowered snapdragons display incomplete
dominance (see example in text book on p. 302)
What is codominance? Explain how Sickle Cell disease is an example of codominance.
What are multiple alleles? Explain how blood groups in humans are an example of multiple
alleles.
In terms of chromosomes, how is sex determined in human offspring?
What are sex-linked traits? Explain how color blindness is an example of a sex-linked trait.
Chapter 12 Vocabulary:
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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Nucleotides
Deoxyribose sugar (5-carbon sugar)
Phosphate group
Nitrogen base
o Adenine
o Cytosine
o Guanine
o Thymine
Purines
Pyrimidines
Double helix
Complementary base pairing
DNA orientation
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Anti-parallel strands
Chromosome
Histones
Nucleosomes
DNA replication
Semiconservative replication
Central Dogma!
Ribonucleic acid
o Uracil
Transcription
Translation
Amino acids
Proteins
Chapter 12 Concepts:
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What are the three parts that make up a nucleotide?
How do the nucleotides line up to produce strands of DNA?
Describe how the two strands of nucleotides arrange and line up to hydrogen bond together.
Describe how nucleotides base pair.
How is DNA organized in a chromosome?
What does it mean that DNA replication is semi-conservative?
What is the central dogma of biology?
Compare and contrast the nucleic acids DNA and RNA
What is the role of mRNA in the central dogma?
How are proteins produced during transcription and translation?
What smaller units combine to make proteins? How does the structure and function of proteins
differ based on the smaller units?
Chapter 2 Vocabulary
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Ecology
Biosphere
Biotic factors
Abiotic factors
Organization in the
biosphere
o Individuals
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o Populations
o Communities
o Ecosystems
o Biomes
Habitat
Niche
Predation
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Symbiosis
o Mutualism
o Commensalis
m
o Parasitism
Food chain
Food web
Chapter 2
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What is ecology?
What are abiotic and biotic factors in the biosphere?
What are the levels of organization of living things within a biosphere?
What is the difference between a habitat and a niche?
How do organisms compete in their environment? What is predation?
What symbiotic relationships exist between organisms?
How does energy flow through autotrophs and heterotrophs in food chains?
How are food webs different representations of energy than food chains?
Chapter 15
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Charles Darwin
Natural selection
Evolution
Evidence of evolution
o Fossil record
o Comparative anatomy
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 Homologous structures
 Vestigial structures
 Analogous structures
Comparative embryology
Comparative biochemistry
Geographic distribution
Chapter 15 Concepts
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Who was Charles Darwin? What did he accomplish on the HMS Beagle? How did he use the
scientific method to understand the process of evolution?
How do organisms evolve through the process of natural selection?
What evidence exists that supports the process of natural selection?
o How does the fossil record support the theory of evolution?
o How does comparative anatomy support the theory of evolution?
o How does comparative embryology support the theory of evolution?
o How does comparative biochemistry support the theory of evolution?