Reporting Category 3: Era of Global Wars
WHII.10
The student will demonstrate knowledge of the worldwide impact of World War I by
a) explaining the economic and political causes, major events, and identifying major
leaders of the war, with emphasis on Woodrow Wilson and Kaiser Wilhelm II.
b) explaining the outcomes and global effect of the war and the Treaty of Versailles
Causes of World War I
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
War was declared in 1914 after…
Assassination of Austria’s Archduke Ferdinand
Central Powers
1. Germany
2. Austria-Hungary Empire
3. Ottoman Empire
1.
2.
3.
4.
Allied Powers
Russia
France
Great Britain
United States
Key Events of the War
In 1917…
1. Russia exits the war
2. United Sates enters the war
Treaty of Versailles
1. Germany to accept “war
guilt” clause
2. Loss of German territory
3. Pay reparations
The War officially ends in 1919 with the Treaty
of Versailles
4. limited Germany military
5. End of German empire
How was the Treaty of Versailles different
from Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points?
6. Germany under supervision
of the League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles is severely vengeful toward
Germany while Wilson’s 14 points was a more
balanced approach.
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Reporting Category 3: Era of Global Wars
WHII.10
The student will demonstrate knowledge of the worldwide impact of World War I by
c) citing causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution
CAUSES




Defeat in war with Japan in 1905
Landless peasantry
Incompetence of Tsar Nicholas II
Military defeats and high casualties in World
War I
RUSSIAN
REVOLUTION
1917
RESULTS
Rise of communism
 Bolshevik Revolution and civil war
 Vladimir Lenin’s New Economic Policy
 Joseph Stalin, Lenin’s successor
Vladimir Lenin: Leader of the Bolsheviks and led the Russian Revolution
Joseph Stalin: Takes over after the death of Lenin and leads the USSR through
World War II.
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Reporting Category 3: Era of Global Wars
WHII.11
The student will demonstrate knowledge of political, economic, social, and cultural
developments during the Interwar Period by
a) describing the League of Nations and the mandate system;
League of Nations:
1. International cooperative organization
2. Established to prevent future wars
3. United States not a member
4. Failure of League because it did not have power to enforce its decisions
Why was the Mandate System created?
Mandate system was created to administer the former territories of the Central
powers; specifically the former German and the Ottoman empires.
1. During World War I, Great Britain and France agreed to divide large portions of the
Ottoman Empire in the Middle East between themselves.
2. After the war, the “mandate system” gave Great Britain and France control over the
lands that became Iraq, Transjordan, and Palestine (British controlled) and Syria and
Lebanon (French controlled).
3. The division of the Ottoman Empire through the mandate system planted the seeds
for future conflicts in the Middle East.
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Reporting Category 3: Era of Global Wars
WHII.11
The student will demonstrate knowledge of political economic, social, and cultural
developments during the Interwar Period by
c) examining events related to the rise, aggression, and human costs of dictatorial
regimes in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, and Japan, and identifying their major
leaders, i.e., Joseph Stalin, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Hirohito, and Hideki Tojo.
Adolf Hitler
 Democratic government
weakened
 Anti-Semitism
 Extreme nationalism
 National Socialism (Nazism)
 German occupation of
nearby countries
Benito Mussolini
 Rise of fascism
 Ambition to restore the glory
of Rome
 Invasion of Ethiopia
DICTATORS
Joseph Stalin
 Entrenchment of
communism
 Stalin’s policies: Five-year
plans, collectivization of
farms, state industrialization,
secret police
 Great Purge
Tojo Hideki
 Militarism
 Industrialization of Japan,
leading to drive for raw
materials
 Invasion of Korea,
Manchuria, and the rest of
China
How were people treated under these dictators? People’s lives were very restricted.
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Reporting Category 3: Era of Global Wars
Factors leading to a second world war…
Rise of dictators:
Economic depression:
Appeasement:
Increases extreme
nationalism
Great global depression of
1929-1939
Giving into totalitarian
aggressions
Treaty of Versailles:
Isolationism and Pacifism:
Failure to enforce and too
harsh
Practiced by Europe and US
WHII.12
Weakness of the League of
Nations:
Failure to stop aggression by
totalitarian powers
World War
II
(1939-1945)
The student will demonstrate knowledge of the worldwide impact of World War II by
a) explaining economic and political causes, describing major events, and identifying
leaders of the war, with emphasis on Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Dwight D.
Eisenhower, Douglas MacArthur, George C. Marshall, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin,
Adolf Hitler, Hideki Tojo, and Hirohito;
People in the war:
Franklin Roosevelt: U.S. President
Dwight Eisenhower: Allied commander in Europe
Harry Truman: U.S. President after death of Roosevelt and order
atomic bomb on Japan
George Marshall: U.S. General
Douglas MacArthur: U.S. General; Allied commander in Pacific
Winston Churchill: British Prime Minister
Hirohito: Emperor of Japan
Hideki Tojo: Japanese General
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Reporting Category 3: Era of Global Wars
Sides in the war:
Allied Powers



Axis Powers



United States
USSR
Great Britain
Italy
Germany
Japan
WHII.12:
The student will demonstrate knowledge of the worldwide impact of WWII.
c) explaining the terms of the peace, the war crimes trials, the division of Europe,
plans to rebuild Germany and Japan, and the creation of international cooperative
organizations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).
Creation of the United Nations:

Rebuilding in Germany:
 Democratic government
installed in West
Germany and West
Berlin
 Germany and Berlin
divided among the four
Allied powers
 Emergence of West
Germany as economic
power in postwar
Europe


The Universal Declaration of
Human Rights
Established and adopted by
members of the United
Nations
Provided a code of conduct for
the treatment of people under
the protection of their
government
Rebuilding in Japan:
 United States
occupation of Japan
under MacArthur’s
administration
 Democracy and
economic development
 Elimination of Japan’s
military offensive
capabilities; guarantee
of Japan’s security by
the United States
 Emergence of Japan as
dominant economy in
Asia
Results
of WWII
War Crimes Trials:


For crimes against
humanity
Germany Nazi –
Nuremberg Trials
Emergence of
superpowers:
Marshall Plan &
Division of Europe:


United States
Vs
Soviet Union
 North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)
 Warsaw Pact
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Reporting Category 3: Era of Global Wars
WHII.12
The student will demonstrate knowledge of the worldwide impact of World War II by
b) examining the Holocaust and other examples of genocide in the twentieth century;
Twentieth Century Genocides
Country
Ottoman
Empire
Dates
1915
Cambodia
1975
Rwanda
Ukraine
Group targeted
Group responsible
Armenians
Ottoman
Artists, technicians,
former government
officials, monks,
minorities, and other
educated individuals
Tutsi minority
Khmer Rouge communist
government lead by Pol
Pot
Hutu
1994
1932
Peasants, government
and military leaders,
and members of the
elite
Joseph Stalin
Definition of Genocide:
 The systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious,
or cultural group
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