Subtractive and Additive types of Sculpture
Additive – Material is added to, assembled, build up.
1. Modeling
2. Casting
3. Constructing
Subtractive – Material is taken away/removed Carving
- Bas-Relief = Low relief -the sculpted area is barely projected from the background
- Haut Relief = High Relief about ½ of the figure is projected from the Background.
Subtractive - Carving
. Stone tools ARE TOOLS such as the *chisel,*mallet, and *rasp (rough file)
Figure 9-7: LOUISE BOURGEOIS. Eyes (1982). Marble.
ADDITIVE
1. – Modeling- (Modeling Technique)
Terra Cotta is a reddish brown clay used in sculpture and pottery
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ADDITIVE
2. –CastingMaterials used for casting are anything which can become liquid at
some point and poured into a mold, left to harden, and then extracted from the
mold.
Most often used are; BRONZE, CONCRETE, PLASTER, LIQUID PLASTICS,
AND CLAY DILUTED WITH WATER Known as SLIP
Investment mold – A FIRE RESISTANT MOLD made of silica, clay, and plaster, which is heated.
Patina - final color of casting – it is a film OR CRUST of color which is caused by oxidation OF THE
BRONZE OR COPPER WHEN IT IS REMOVED FROM THE MOLD- GREEN OR BLUE-GREEN , Patinas can
also be white paint on a casting, or even rust.
Figure 9-2: LOUISE BOURGEOIS. Portrait of Robert (1969)*.Final state is Cast bronze with white patina.
Figure 9-4: *EDGAR DEGAS.* The Little Dancer, 14 Years Old (1880–1881). Bronze. H: 39”.
Figure 9-6: GEORGE SEGAL. Three Figures and Four Benches (1979). *Painted bronze
3-D sculptures *Some are heavy and made of a material which must have an interior structure for
support, which is called an armature
Constructed Sculpture - Mandolin and Clarinet, Pablo Picasso (1913)
fig. 9-11, And Figure 9-12: CLAES OLDENBURG. Soft Toilet
Assemblage Sculpture - One of the best-known examples is Picasso’s Bull’s Head Figure 9-15, And
Ancestral Spirit Chair, Betye Saar (1992)painted wood, bone, glass, plastic, metal, and vine Fig. 9-14,
pg. 189
Readymade Sculpture - Found objects No assembly is needed for this artform FIG 1-35, MARCEL
DUCHAMP – FOUNTAIN
Appropriation – borrowing from past art.
*Figure 9-5: SHERRIE LEVINE. Fountains after Duchamp (1991). Bronze APPROPRIATION IN
CONTEMPORARY ART BRINGS INTO FOCUS A RECONSIDERATION OF THE ISSUES OF AUTHORSHIP AND
Originality
MIXED-MEDIA - USING A COMBINATION OF MATERIALS
MIXED MEDIA/ ASSEMBLAGE - Figure 9-16: SIMON RODIA. Simon Rodia Towers in Watts (1921–1954).
Cement with various objects. H: 98’.
- Kinetic Sculpture (1992) fig. 9-17
Sculptures that move - Cluster of Four Cubes George Rickey Stainless Steel
Also know 9-13, 9-9, 9-20, 9-21, 9-18. 9-9, 9-10, 9-7
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