Discover Biology, 5th Ed. Anu Singh-Cundy & Michael Cain, WW Norton & Co, Inc, NY © 2012
Chapter 5, The Chemistry of Life, pp 111-141.
Vocabulary
1 acid; 2 amino acid; 3 atom; 4 atomic mass number; 5 atomic number; 6 ATP; 7 base;
8 biomolecule; 9 buffer; 10 carbohydrate; 11 cellulose; 12 chemical bond; 13 chemical
compound; 14 chemical formula; 15 chemical reaction; 16 cohesion; 17 covalent bond;
18 denaturation; 19 disaccharide; 20 DNA; 21 double bond; 22 electron; 23 electron shell;
24 element; 25 enzyme; 26 evaporation; 27 fatty acid; 28 functional group; 29 glucose;
29.5 gylcogen, continued
1 hydrophilic compound that releases H+ when dissolved in water
2 monomers from which proteins are built
3 smallest unit of an element still possessing distinctive characteristics of said element
4 the sum of an element’s proton and neutrons
5 the total number of protons in an element’s nucleus
6 adenosine triphosphate; the most universal of the energy carriers in a cell
7 hydrophilic compounds that accept H+ from aqueous solutions
8 molecules found in living cells
9 substances that prevent dramatic changes in pH
10 class of biomolecules with a general formula (CH2O)n including sugars & starches
11 plant polysaccharide of glucose that builds strong fibers for structural support
12 the sharing or transfer of valence electrons that causes 2 atoms to associate with each other
13 substance containing atoms of 2 or more different elements in fixed ratios
14 representation of atomic composition of chemical compounds, molecules, & salts
15 process of breaking chemical bonds &/ or creating new chemical bonds
16 attractive forces that bind the same types of atoms or molecules
17 the sharing of 2 or more valence electrons between or among atoms
18 the destruction of a protein’s 3-dimensional structure, resulting in loss of protein activity
19 biomolecule made of 2 covalently joined monosaccharides
20 deoxyribonucleic acid; biomolecule of 2 polynucleotide chains twisted in a double helix
21 force of attraction between 2 atoms sharing two pairs of valence electrons
22 subatomic particle with a negative charge found orbiting the atomic nucleus
23 defined volumes of space in which 1 or more electrons are found orbiting atomic nuclei
24 pure substances with unique chemical & physical properties made of 1 type of atom
25 bimolecular catalyst made of either protein or RNA
26 process in which molecules, with increased kinetic energy, transition from liquid to gas state
27 lipid monomer with a long hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain capped by a polar carboxyl group
28 clusters of covalently bonded atoms with distinctive chemical properties
29 monosaccharide, C6H12O6, found in nearly every cell as a key energy source within the cell
29.5 main storage polysaccharide in animal cells; is stored inside liver and skeletal muscle cells