Australia
1. Geography
Australia is a state as well as a continent. It includes the island of Tasmania and
other smaller islands. It is surrounded by the Indian and the Pacific Oceans.
Most of its land is covered by deserts where you may find a place called Uluru, also
known as Ayers rock. It is a large sandstone rock in the Northern territory in
central Australia. The rock changes colours at different times of day and year,
It becomes red at dawn and sunset.
A very important geographical site is the Great Barrier Reef which is the
largest corral colony in the world and is environmentally preserved,
Animals: koala bear, Tasmanian devil, kangaroo, dingo
Australia has 3 climate zones:
tropical, subtropical and mild. Only the southwest and southeast is mild and
there is a strip of arable land.
History
Australia used to be a British colony for prisoners. In 1901 it becomes a
dominium of the Commonwealth. The head of Australia is Queen Elisabeth II.
The political head is Governor General and the Prime Minister.
It is divided in 5 territories, Tasmania and other islands.
The capital city is Canberra.
Other cities
Sydney with its famous opera house
Melbourne – Australia Open tennis cup
Adelaide, Brisbane, Perth
Hobart – the capital city of Tasmania
Agriculture and industry
In Australia, mostly cattle and sheep are kept because there is very little
arable land.
Industry is situated in large cities. The most important branch is mining and
metallurgy.
Inhabitants:
There are about 21 million inhabitants while most people are concentrated in the
capital city Canberra and other major cities
Most of the population (95%) are British or Irish. There’s almost half a million
Aboriginal people who are the original inhabitants of Australia. Didgeridoo –
musical instrument, boomerang – a hunting tool…
Holidays
Global holidays:
Christmas is celebrated when there is the summer period in Australia.
New Year´s Eve – they often go to have a BBQ on the beach.
Australia Day commemorates the arrival of the British ships in 1788.
Anzac Day commemorates all the fallen in the war conflicts.
Culture
Meals – in the open air, parties on beaches, traditional food
Music – didgeridoo
Modern Music - e.g. Kylie Minogue, AC/DC etc.
Dance – Aboriginal dancers
Sports
Rugby, cricket, tennis, surfing and diving
The Olympic Games were held in Sydney in 2000
Famous People
See culture
A)
For the sake of – díky něčemu či pro něco
The toughest – nejtvrdší…
Diving – especially diving on the Gr. barrier reef
B)
vychází – be patterned
C)
Climate:
Agriculture:
Agriculture is the rdest industry Australian economes. In the first time was
agriculture used in coast area, but in time was moved to the inland. Most
agriculture lands has lack watte rand big part cropland must be irrigation.
Green c.– is breeding cattle
Yellow c.– is breeding sheep
Brown c.– is intensit breeding cattle and sheep
Orange c.– is tropical agriculture
Blue c.– is breeding cattle on milk
Darkgreen c.- are forestry
Grey c.- is growing of cereals
and White c.- is unused agriculture land
Composition land:
- arable land has 7%
- grazing land has 54%
- forests land has 19%
- and 25% is other land.
The most common animal husbandry are fishing, horses, pigs and sheep. And the
most common plants are cotton, sugar cane, barley, tablo and grapevine.
Industry:
o Metallurgy: ferrous metals, aluminum, iron, steel
o Chemistry, acids, plastics, TSP
o Petrochemical oil refinery
o Engineering: car production
o Textile industry
o Food
o Production of elektricity
Industrial centers:
o Sydney
o Newcastle
o Perth
o Brisbane
o Adelaide
o Geelong
o Most traditions are taken from The United Kingdom.
o In Australia is celebrating holilys such as:
o New Year
o Australia Day
o Labour Day
o Ester
o Anzac Day
o Christmas Eve
o Queensland Day
o Canberra Day
A number of other……
Famous people:
In Australia there are many famous people, but I chosed these free…
The largem of them is our the first favorite captain James Cook. He was a
brithis explorer, navirator and captian in royal navy. So that is all know what you
need about him. The second famous person is Willem Janszoon. He was very
important man, because he was Duch navigátor and colonial governor and he was
the first European know to have seen the coast of Australia. The Thrid last in
the series sir Edmund Barton. He was on Australian politician and judge. He was
a leading figure at the federal convention meld during the 1809s.
Important places:
First fine place for example is Uluru, also known as Ayers rock. It is a large
sandstone rock formativ in the Northern territory in central Australia. Which is
notable for appearing to chase colour at different times of day and year, most
notable hen it glos red at dawn and sunset.