Table S1 Primer combinations used for cloning and RT-qPCR Designation of primers sequence usage WSMV5# WS3-2000* WS5-1970 WS3-4040 WS5-3880 WS3-5550 WS5-5280 WS3-7500 WS5-7250 WS5-7305 WSMV3 AATTAAACCAACCCAAATCGATCTGAC CAATATCCGTTCTTCGGCACATA GAAGATTTCATTATGTGCCGAAGAA GAATGTTCTGTGATCCATAACCGGC GCAGAGATGCTAGTGTTTTACAACTG CTGGTGCATGATTCATATTCTCTTG GATGAATTCATATTGGAGAAGCG GCCATGAAGTATTGCCGTATGTT GCGAACATTCACATCAGCACCAATTG CAAGGCTGTGGTTGATGAGTTTAAC TTTTTTTTTTGTAGCGTCGCCCTAACCCACAC PCR PCR and cDNA PCR PCR PCR PCR and cDNA PCR PCR and cDNA PCR PCR PCR and cDNA WS3-8910 WS5-7750 WS3-7895 as7855WSEuFam (with WS5-7750 and WS3-7895) GCATAATGGCTCGAAGTGATG CTTATCAATGCCGACACAAAGGA GCTTCATGAATGTGTGTGACATGTA TCGATGCTACGATACGCTTCATCAAATGAA as7850WSUSAtto CTACGGTAAGCCTCGTCAAATGAGTAA cDNA for RT-qPCR qPCR, qPCR qPCR-FAM-BHQ1-labelled probe, specific for Cluster B isolates, antisense qPCR-Atto-BHQ1-labelled probe, specific for cluster A isolates, antisense (with WS5-7750 and WS3-7895) 5#-reverse primers, 3- forward primers (used also for cDNA synthesis),* numbering denotes the 5'-proximal position of the nucleotide in relation to the complete genome. Fig. S1 1 to 4 Inoculations with WSMV-PV57 (1 KS03HW12, 2 KS96HW10-3, 3 RonL, 4 Alcedo), 5 to 8 inoculations with WSMV-Hoym (5 KS03HW12, 6 KS96HW10-3, 7 RonL, 8 Alcedo) Fig. S2 Features of the sequences of the investigated WSMV isolates A – Changes in the cleavage site P1/HCPro B – Characteristic ClaI restriction site (underlined) in the coat protein gene of European isolates A B Fig. S3 Standard curves for RT-qPCR using a dilution series of plasmid DNA containing nucleotides 7305 to 9381 of WSMV Austria (A) or nucleotides 7750 to 7895 of USA PV57(B). A405nm Fig. S4 Challenge of German winter wheat cultivars with WSMV isolate Hoym. Five plants of each cultivar were inoculated and after 28 days tested by DAS ELISA.