Behavioral science
Personality
It is a collection of characteristics which give the person his or her
identity that makes him different from others
It's a Latin word person=persona-mask
Person is not "have a personality" but he is a personality, so personality is
the charm characteristic, constitutional, intellectual and responsive
capacity.
Physiologically we define personality is the total physiological action of
body.
Personality and medicine
For many years many researchers tried to find a relation between
personality and disease by other word: which type of disease in certain
persons could get it so they believe that some disease ex. Tb
hypertension, ca affect some types of personalities because they believe
that the microorganism and allergen not determine type of disease or not
determine disease itself individual response to them lead to actual
disease, so personality play non specific factor in the disease formation
which m. o. and allergen are specific factor and this interaction between
non specific factor (personality) and specific factor (mo and allergen)
lead to disease formation
Classification of personality
We have many types of classification:
1- Kretschmr: he divided personality to 3 type depending on body
build: pyknic type, athletic type, asthenia type
 Pyknic type : here individual is short, stout with short hand this type of
personality have tendency to extroversion, kindhearted, they are
expressive, these individuals more liable to get manic depressive
psychoses
 Asthenic type: person is tall, flat with long fingers and flat idealistic
thinking, more sensitive and not expressive. If they get mental
breakdown they will be liable to schizophrenia
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 Athletic type: muscular man with broad chest their characteristic
between the previous two.
2- Junge classification: 3 types
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Extroversion : this type of individual are concerned with outer
ward, expressive, kind heart, similar to pyknic and they are practical
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Introversion: they are inexpressive, sensitive, not practical and
concerned inward in his thinking ,very clever, introversion, also called
worm of book
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Ambivertion : combination of previous two show extroversion in
feeling and activity and introversion in the thinking
3- Sheldon class : according to embryonic layer: in this classification we get:
 In endomorphic personality : this individual show muscularity, their
characters similar to athletic type
 In Ectomorphic show delicate in his body, tall, flat chest, their
characters similar to asthenic type
 In mesomorphic they show bulky or increase in size of his internal
tissue similar to pyknic type
Normal and pre-morbid personality
 Normal personality
It's difficult to answer how normal person will like?
But we can range or give a term to the normal range ofpersonality,
generality if we say that within normal range he isreasonality,
healthy body and mind , efficient , happy and social, sometimes
they apply other term as "mature personality", the characteristic
feature is
1) Independency :is ability to face the reality by himself and not
depend on others in his judgment
2) Self control: by using logic and reason rather than emotional
thinking
3) Social adjustment : most are of the adult type that loving most
of people and have sexual relation with one particular wife
4) Has various interest
5) He has normal standard
6) He has a planning for future or plan of life philosophy of life
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Personality trait
It is the most specific characteristic of personality e.g. personality
trait of obsession. It doesn't mean personality disorder which is
pathologic, but it is extension of normality
Personality temperament
It is charter since birth . temperament and trait are influenced by both
genetics and environmental condition e.g. in obsession of mother and
father they will give or incline the child toward the obsession trait
Personality assessment : psychiatrists and psychologists try to assess
personality by tools
Eysink theory: Since 1920 and still accepted. So by giving the
person a grade to see the perspnality if its forwards neurotism or
psychetism.
The arrow denotes the more liability for schizophrenia (premorbid
personality) of a person has a grade in this quadrant.
Assessment of personality:
 Psychometric test: it is a subjective test done by questioner and
the answer will be yes,no, idon't know. Then asses by
illustrating one trait this test have been validated
 Roscharch ink blot : cards contains a spots of inks (mean
nothing) is presented to the person (not patient) to tell them
what does this spot mean : animal, death, beautiful lady .. etc.
then they analyze these thinking so it is a projective test
 Thermatic appreciation test (TAT): by giving him a picture d
there is a car so this test is also projective.
 MMPI (Minnesota Multiphase Inventory); by giving a 250
question their answer are yes or no
Types of personality traits:
If it increase to a certain pathological extent it will be a personality
disorder that affect social and occupational behavior.
We will discuss in this lecture:
1. Histrionic personality
2. Schizoid personality
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3. Narcissistic personality
4. Paranoid personality
5. Anti social personality
6. Timid personality
7. Sensitive personality
8. Anxious personality
9. Obsessional personality
10.Schizotypal personality
Now in details :
1. Histrionic personality:
The person is liable to get hysterical or conversional disorder ; it is
more common in female and young adulthood.
Characteristics:
 Unreliable person
 Liar
 An attention seeking person (like always to be under light)
 Dramatization in speech ( so they are good in acting)
 Have an over sexuality (make innocent speech mean
something sexual)
 Under liable for love (multiple partners)
 They are flamy buoyant (that mean get attention)
 They are superficial
 They are immature and liable for hysteric disorders
2- Schizoid personality:
Common in male, all schizophrenic have schizoid personalities in the
past before they became schizophrenic.
Characteristic:
 Isolated
 Hesitant in taking decisions
 Rigid
 Sometimes have odd thinking that may be a prodrome for having
schizophrenia
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3- Narcissistic personality: equal in both sexes
Characteristics :
 Has grandiosity (in himself that mean he thinks that he is so
great or a scientist or have a Nobel Prize
 Self important
 Has idea of excess beauty or intelligence and achievement in life
 Has no empathy
 Has no consideration on feeling of others
 Selfish
 Not ready to give
 Depressed in difficulty or failure or have a crisis
4- Paranoid personality
Either as a delusion or come within the symptoms of other
personality disorders.
Characteristics:
 Oversensitive
 Touchy
 Cautious
 Don't trust (have no confidence in others)
 Rigid
 Avoid social contacts
My be developed into paranoid personality disorder which is important
and serious because if it reaches to pathological disorder he may be
criminal or aggressive acting and make trouble and always the victim is
the wife.
So treatment is not easy and difficult because he has no confident in the
doctor who treat him
5- Anti social personality (sociopathy or psychopathy):
It start in childhood (since 4 years) and reach its peak until adulthood
and decline after that.
Characteristics:
 Has no morality
 Has no regards for social or religious or cultural rules or norms
 Does not get benefit from punishment
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Doesn't feel regret
Doesn't have moral control on himself
This personality is long lasting and difficult to treat and change
Harmful
Break the law
Lie
Making fraud
Make physical aggression
Have adventurous character
Reckless
His marriage ends with failure or beat his wife or children
Usually dependent on alcohol
Liable to be drug abusers
Failed in their jobs
Some are called intelligent psychopath (still cheaper even if he
became a doctor or lawer)
 Some are charming and colorful
 Some studies show that they have physical beauty
6- Timid personality
Subnormal assertiveness, non assertive. The person is shy, doesn't take
adventures and socially weak and subsequently become submissive
7- Sensitive personality
A tendency to take offence. The person with this personality is touchy
even when there's no intend to offence him. He has the tendency to broad
the things
8- Anxious personality
It is important because it may be premorbid for generalized anxiety
disorders, where the person feels always anxious and worried (chronic
worrier) has fear of future, fear from unknown and he is always
apprehensive, he's tense, fearful regarding himself and about all things, he
always need reassurance.
9- Obsessional personality
It's a type of neurotic disorder (pathologic)
Characteristic:
 Can vary in degree, obsession consist of meticulous
 He always care for details
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 which pushes the person into success. But sometimes this
characteristic will be so strong that affect personal and social
behavior leading to a pathological condition called obsessional
neurosis
10- Schizotypal personality
The person carries an odd thinking, has autistic type of thinking,
rigid and has few friends. He has communication difficulties and
unable to make a successful conversion. It is like schizophrenia but
here it is more normal.
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