North Hills Preparatory
Theory of Knowledge
Ms. Biela
Knowledge framework: the natural sciences
The ‘knowledge framework’ is designed to help students explore, discuss, and form an understanding of each of the
eight areas of knowledge. The knowledge framework isn’t a formal element of the TOK essay or presentation (ie, it
isn’t directly assessed); instead, it is designed to present various consideration points that that can then be used to
compare and contrast the different areas of knowledge, as well as tying them to the ways of knowing.
1. Scope and applications
What is the social function of the natural sciences? How many different forms does it encompass (eg physics,
chemistry, geology, biology, etc.)? What are their separate aims? To what extent are natural sciences influenced by
the society and culture in which they are pursued? How important are the natural sciences?
2. Concepts and language
How do we use language to express the knowledge found within natural sciences? To what extent does this differ
according to different forms of natural sciences? Are there any central concepts for which we need specific language
before approaching natural sciences?
3. Methodology
Which ways of knowing do we use in order to connect with, and understand, natural sciences? Which ways of
knowing do the natural scientists themselves use in order to study natural sciences and communicate their
understanding of it?
North Hills Preparatory
Theory of Knowledge
Ms. Biela
4. Historical development
How has our understanding and perception of natural sciences changed over time? How has the role of natural
sciences within society developed? To what extent has the nature of natural sciences (for example, the different
forms of natural sciences) changed? What relationship do today’s natural sciences have with those of the past? (to
paraphrase Newton, do they ‘stand on the shoulders of giants’?)
5. Links to personal knowledge
To what extent are you involved with natural sciences? How is your perception of the world, and your position it in,
affected by natural sciences?