Final Activity #2
1)
What are the 3 states of matter and how do the particles in the 3 states of matter compare? (use definite/indefinite shape,
definite/indefinite volume, molecules strongly, weakly, or not attracted to each other, draw pics)
2) Define the following:
a. Melting point
b. Boiling point
c. Freezing point
3)
Identify the following as a chemical or physical change:
a. Boiling
e. Freezing
b. Melting
f. Condensing
c. Rusting
g. Breaking
d. Rotting
h. fermenting
4) You have a gas mixture composed of helium, hydrogen, and oxygen, whose total mass is 10 grams. When the gas explodes, you
have 2 grams of helium, 3 grams of hydrogen, and _____ grams of oxygen. How many grams of oxygen did you end up with?
5) What is a homogeneous mixture? What is another name for a homogeneous mixture? Give 2 examples of a homogeneous mixture.
6) What is a heterogeneous mixture? Give 2 examples of a heterogeneous mixture.
7) What are the charges and masses (in amu) of the following:
a. Neutron
b. Proton
c. Electron
8) What is an isotope?
9) Define atomic mass unit.
10) What are the 2 techniques to separate homogeneous mixtures? Describe those techniques and how do you separate the mixtures?
(how do they work and what are they based upon)
11)
What is the technique used to separate heterogeneous mixtures? Describe the technique and how you would use it to separate the
mixture?
For 12&13. Write the e-configuration, calculate the valence e-s (# electrons in the highest energy level) and bonding e-s (unpaired e-s)
for the following:
12) Calcium
13) Fluorine
14) Complete the following table.
Shorthand
Atomic #
Atomic
# protons
# electrons
# neutrons
Element Name with atomic mass
mass #
Ie. Carbon-13
28
19
32
15. Draw entire Aufbau (energy diagram) chart (1s to 5p)
The following are notes for you.
a. Each square is called an orbital
b. 1s is lowest energy level (higher you go, the more energy you have)
c. Each orbital will have a maximum of 2 electrons
d. 1 electron for each orbital before doubling up orbitals
e. Electrons have opposite spin directions (1 up arrow, 1 down arrow)
f. Electrons in same orbital will have opposite spins (1 up, 1 down)
g. At or before atomic #23 = follow Aufbau chart exactly
16. For the following elements, draw:
1) Aufbau chart (energy diagram) 2) Quantum Mechanical model
a. Calcium
b. Nitorgen
17. For the Rutherford atomic model
a. Draw labeled picture, including charges of model
b. Describe model (nucleus, location of electrons)
c. How electrons are arranged
d. Why model was not 100% correct
18. For the Bohr atomic model
a. Draw labeled picture, including charges of model
b. Describe model (nucleus, location of electrons)
c. How electrons are arranged
d. Why model was not 100% correct
19. What did Rutherford discover when performing the gold foil experiment?
20. What did Thomson discover when performing the cathode ray experiment?