Jefferson & Madison Review Sheet KEY
1) Why can Thomas Jefferson be considered a Renaissance man?
- He was skilled in many different areas
2) What type of government did Jefferson believe in? What political party did he belong to (see
last chapter!).
- Democratic-Republican government; equality for people
- Strict construction of the Constitution (can only do what the Constitution says)
- Lower taxes & cut federal spending; State gov’t. is strong
3) Explain what happened in Marbury v. Madison.
- Adams appointed Marbury as a “Midnight” judge (last minute)
- Jefferson (the new president) didn’t want him as a judge & told Madison (the Secretary of
State) not to deliver the paperwork to Marbury
- Marbury sued Madison in court
b) What important Constitutional power was first used during this case?
- Judicial Review
4) Why was New Orleans important to the U.S.?
- Vital port for imports and exports using the Mississippi River, which was a main transportation
route
5) What was the Louisiana Purchase?
- Jefferson bought all of the Louisiana Territory in order to obtain the port of New Orleans
- US gave France $15 million
- Doubled the size of the US
b) Locate the Purchase on a map. What are the surrounding boundaries?
- Stretched from Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains (page 316)
6) Who explored the Louisiana Territory?
- Lewis & Clark
b) What was the mission?
- Would travel to the Pacific Ocean along the Missouri River
- All the while they would map out the land, document plants & animals, and make friends with
the Native Americans
c) What were the results of the mission?
- Mapped out a mostly all water route to the Pacific Ocean
- Settlers could go there now
7) Who was Zebulon Pike?
- Explored the lower part of the Louisiana Purchase; down by the Red River
- Pike’s Peak
- His journey was a lot of trial and error
8) What is impressment?
- Capture/kidnap American sailors
- Steal cargo off of American ships
- Force them into service in the British navy
9) What is an embargo?
- Total ban on trade
10) What was the Embargo Act of 1807?
The US stopped all trade with Europe in order to avoid impressment
b) Why was it unsuccessful?
- The embargo hurt American business; exports went down and less $ was made
- People smuggled and still got the goods
11) How did the Non-intercourse Act replace the Embargo Act? What changes were made?
- Another trade law; this time trade was simply limited to anyone but England and France
- Americans were happy because they made more $
12) How did the British harm the coast of America?
- The British set up a blockade along the coast (page 329)
13) Why were Westerners for war with Britain?
- The British were supplying the natives with weapons to attack the Americans with
- British still didn’t evacuate their forts in the Ohio River Valley
14) Who were the War Hawks? What did they believe in?
- Anti-British congressmen (Clay from the West & Calhoun from the South)
- Inspired Americans to push for war
15) Others were against the war. How did these people voice their opinion?
- The New England states
- Hartford Convention
- Planned to ignore Congress’ embargo; threatened to break away from the US (secede)
16) Who was Tecumseh? What is his story?
- Shawnee warrior
- Tried to unite tribes east of the Mississippi River
- Fought at the Battle of Tippecanoe & lost
- This put an end to the idea of Native American unity
17) What were the main reasons that the U.S. finally went to war?
- Impressment
- British supplying the natives
- War Hawks
- Am. eager for more land
- Fishing rights by Canada - British interfering in Northwest Territory
- Blockade
18) Why was it a matter of pride to win this war?
- This war tested the strength of the Americans against the British (their old enemy)
19) What was the original Star-Spangled Banner?
- The flag at Fort McHenry
b) Why did Francis Scott Key write a poem about it?
- He was inspired by the flag’s survival after the intense battle raged all day and night and…the
flag was still there
c) Where is it today?
- At the Smithsonian Museum in Washington D.C.
d) How does the poem represent our country today?
- National Anthem
20) Explain the significance (importance) of the Battle of New Orleans.
- Fantastic victory for the Americans; proved the strength of the US
- Fought after the war; if result had been known, it could have changed the peace treaty
- Andrew Jackson commanded the battle and became famous
21) What was the treaty that ended the War of 1812?
- The Treaty of Ghent
b) Who won the war?
- Ended in a truce; no winner
22) What were the results of the war?
- The US gained respect & nationalism
- Nothing was really resolved; same boundaries, still impressment (known as the unnecessary war)
- North built factories; became more independent
23) Which sections of the country had similar interests after the war of 1812?
- The South & West had farming economies
- The North was a manufacturing area