James Madison
• 4th President of the US
– Republican
– 1809-1817
• Short in stature
– 5’4” Shortest President
– Little over 100 pounds
• Writer of the Constitution
– Greatest mind of his era
Impressment
• Britain and France at
•
War
Impressment
– Taking our sailors
• Chesapeake Affair
June 1807
– HMS Leopard vs USS
Chesapeake
– British took US sailors
Embargo Act- 1807
• Embargo: Ban on
•
Trade
Jefferson’s attempt to
stop Impressment
– Stopped trade with all
foreign countries
– Hurt New England
States
– Could not make $$$
– DID NOT WORK
Non-Intercourse Act
• Replaced Embargo Act in 1809
• Banned trade with France and England only
• Did not stop Impressment or help $$$ problems
Problems with the Indians
• Northwest Territories
– Settlers flood into New
Territories
– Indians try to unite
• Tecumseh
– Unites Indians in
Indiana
– Strong enough to stop
US settlers
– Armed by British in
Canada
Battle of Tippecanoe
• General William Henry
•
•
•
Harrison
November 7, 1811
US Troops destroy
Tecumseh’s
Stronghold
Stopped Great Indian
Confederation
Call for WAR
• War Hawks
– From the South and
West
– Wanted War
• Famous War Hawks
– John C. Calhoun
• South Carolina
– Henry Clay
• Kentucky
Control of Canada
• Hawks do not want
•
•
Britain on North
American Continent
Hawks want control
of Canada
War Hawks want
more land to settle
Opposition to War
• Federalists in New
•
•
•
England
Thought it would hurt
shipping
US is not ready for
war
Liked the British
Madison Calls for War
• June 18, 1812
• Reasons
– Impressment
– British helped
Indians
– Canada
Thomas Jefferson
“… the acquisition of Canada this year as far as
the neighborhood of Quebec, will be a mere
[simple] matter of marching and will give us
experience for the attack on Halifax the next,
and the final expulsion of England from the
American Continent.”
- August 1812
The WAR
United States vs Britain
• US Forces
–
–
–
–
–
Unprepared
Mainly Militia
Untrained Officers
Little Experience
Small Navy
• British Forces
–
–
–
–
–
World Power
Trained Soldiers
Trained Officers
A lot of Experience
Largest Navy in World
Battle of Lake Erie
• US vs British Ships1813
– Battle to gain control
over Lake Erie
– Commodore Oliver
Perry
– Opened the door to
Canada
– What does war at sea
look like?
Creek War
• Southern Front
– Florida
– General Andrew
Jackson
– Destroys Creek Nation
at Tallapoosa
– We receive Creek Land
British Attack
• British Blockade US
•
•
ports
Start in Northeast and
move to entire East
Coast
Stopped US Economy
Burning of Washington
• Britain attacks
•
•
Washington
Defenses of
Washington do not
hold
Britain burns many
important buildings
Saving Washington
• Dolley Madison
– Saves the portrait of
George Washington
– Keeps American hopes
alive
– Symbol of American
resolve
Battle of Baltimore
• Fort McHenry
– US withstands British
bombs for 25 hours
– US shows resolve to
fight off British
– If this fort falls so does
the Nation
Star Spangled Banner
• Written during the
•
•
•
bombing of Fort
McHenry
Francis Scott Key
Originally a poem
Shortened to make
US National Anthem
in 1931
Treaty of Ghent
• Peace Treaty
• All captured lands
•
given back
US seen as a power
Battle of New Orleans
• Andrew Jackson
• Fights off British
•
attack
Had smaller
amounts of troops
– Made up of Pirates
– Cajuns
– Free Slaves
• Fought after Peace
Treaty signed
Claiborne Square
• After the Battle of New Orleans the, the
Place d’ Armes area in New Orleans was
renamed Claiborne Square
Terms to Know
• French Revolution- Occurred in 1789 to
overthrow the French aristocracy. Would
lead to the rise of Napoleon.
• Martial law- is a provision in the United
States Constitution that allows a
government leader to restrict basic rights
in time of war or civil disorder.
People to Know
• Napoleon-leader of France
• Tecumseh-Leader of Native Americans in the Mississippi
River Valley
• Edward Packenham- Leader of British troops in the Battle
of New Orleans
• Francis Scott Key-Author of the “Star-Spangled Banner”
People to Know
• William C. C. Claiborne- Governor of Louisiana
• James Madison-President of the United States
• Jean Lafitte- Leader of the Baratarian Pirates
• Andres Jackson- American commanding general
at the battle of New Orleans