Chapter 11: The Triumphs and Travails
of the Jeffersonian Republic
1800-1812
The election of 1800
Thomas Jefferson
Aaron Burr
John Adams
1800 Election Results
“Revolution of 1800”
Election of 1800 pitted Thomas Jefferson
and his Democratic-Republican Party vs.
John Adams and his Federalist Party
 Jefferson and Burr tied.
 Jefferson prevailed in the House
 Led to 12th Amendment

SIMPLIFYING THE GOVERNMENT
Jeffersonian
Republicanism—simple
government is best.
 Jefferson reduced
Naturalization Law
requirements from 14
to 5 years.
 Eliminated the excise
tax
 Reduced the military

Jefferson Memorial
JOHN MARSHALL AND THE POWER OF
THE SUPREME COURT

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Before leaving office, John Adams
(2nd President), attempts to “pack”
the Federal courts with Federalists
Judges
Jefferson argued this was
unconstitutional
Supreme Court Chief Justice
Marshall rules in Marbury v. Madison
(1803) that part of the Judicial Act
was unconstitutional
Established principle of Judicial
Review – the ability of the Supreme
Court to declare a law
unconstitutional
THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE
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1803
Napoleon needed money
to fight European wars, so
he offered to sell
Louisiana for $15,000,000
More than doubled the
size of our country
Lewis and Clark ordered
to go explore new
territory
Louisiana Purchase Activity
Lewis and Clark Expedition
The Barbary States
Pirates from North African countries
capture ships in the Mediterranean.
 Demand payments to leave ships alone.
 Navy is sent to protect ships

◦ “…to the shores of Tripoli”

Undeclared war from 1801-1805.
A precarious neutrality

Napoleon renews his war with Britain
◦ Britain ruled the seas and Napoleon the land
1806—London issues Orders in Council
forcing ports closed in France and halting
American shipping.
 Napoleon responds by seizing merchant
ships including American
 Chesapeake Incident

The Hated Embargo
If America voluntarily cut off its exports,
the offending powers would be forced to
respect its rights.
 1807—Congress passed the Embargo Act.

◦ Forbade the export of all goods from America
◦ Detrimental to the US (north and south alike)
Repealed on March 1, 1809
 Replaced by the Non-intercourse Act

Why did the embargo fail?
The US overestimated dependence of Br.
and Fr. on American trade.
 Britain—received goods from Latin Am.
 France—ruled most of Europe
 Jefferson miscalculated the unpopularity
Positives—helped manufacturing in the US

MADISON ELECTED PRESIDENT
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4th President 1808-1816
After two terms, Jefferson
is succeeded by James
Madison
Madison was two-term
President 1808-1816
Known as the “Father of
the Constitution, Madison
also is known for his
leadership during the War
of 1812
Macon’s Bill No. 2
If either Br. or Fr. repealed its commercial
restrictions, US would restore its
embargo against the non-repealing nation.
 Napoleon responded but with a bargain.

◦ Br. had 3 months to revoke the Orders of
Council
◦ Br. refused and America renewed the embargo
against Br.
Mr. Madison’s War
Causes:
◦ British
“impressment”
◦ Arming of Natives
◦ “warhawks”
◦ Restore faith in
republicanism
 War declared on June
1, 1812

British Impressment of U.S.
seamen upset Americans
A divided nation
For:
 South/West
 Rep. in PA/VA
Against:
 Fed. in New England
 Fed in north/south
sympathized with
Britain
 Opposed acquisition
of Canada.