French and Indian War – Notes Packet
1) Competing European Claims
a) In the middle of the 18th century, ___________ and
___________ had competing claims for land in North
America.
b) The French held trapping and trade routes in the
__________________.
c) The English colonies were encroaching on French territory
as the population grew.
d) They also competed over trade issues with the
_______________________ in the disputed region.
2) The Battle of Fort Necessity
a) The French set up forts from _______ to the
_________________ to protect their fur trading interests.
b) Some of these forts conflicted with English claims.
c) Virginia Governor Dinwiddie dispatched a young
_______________ in 1753 to deliver a protest to the French.
This protest was ignored.
d) The British sent a party to construct a fort on the site of
modern Pittsburg.
e) The force was driven off by the French who, in turn,
constructed Fort Duquesne on the site.
f) The next year, Dinwiddie turned to Washington to expel the
French from the site. Washington was quickly overwhelmed
by superior ____________ and ____________ numbers.
g) Washington had to retreat to the hastily constructed Fort
Necessity, which he had to surrender shortly thereafter. This
incident was a prelude to the French and Indian War.
3) The Albany Conference
a) In 1754, war was ________________.
b) The colonies sent delegates to Albany to discuss strategy for
common defense.
c) They approved a document written by Benjamin Franklin
promoting a substructure of government below British
authority to govern the colonies.
d) The council would be comprised of
_______________________ from each colony and headed
by a President-General appointed by the crown.
e) The colonies were not ready for political union and it is
unlikely that the British government would have supported
the plan.
4) Braddock’s Defeat
a) In July 1755, the British sent a force from Virginia to attack
Fort Duquesne.
b) The heavy force was defeated by the smaller French force
and their Native American allies.
c) Both the British commander, Braddock, and the French
commander Beaujeu, were _____________.
d) 23 year old George Washington won accolades for rallying
the defeated British and preventing the battle from turning
into a rout.
e) The first two years of fighting were characterized by
humiliating defeats for the British. WHY?
5) The Seven Year’s War in Europe
a) The French and Indian War was essentially the
______________________ theatre of a larger conflict, the
Seven Years War, in Europe.
b) Britain, Prussia, and Hanover fought against an alliance of
France, Austria, Saxony, Russia, Sweden and Spain.
c) Prime Minister Pitt of England provided subsidies to Prussia
to fight in Europe and committed British troops and
resources to winning the war against the French in North
America.
d) The European phase of the war lasted from 1757 to 1763.
6) Fortunes Reverse
a) In 1757, expansion advocate William Pitt became the British
Prime Minister and vowed to lead country to victory.
b) Pitt concentrated on:
i) _____________ the French from North America
ii) _________ the cooperation of the colonists by
stimulating the North American economy with a massive
infusion of British currency
iii) buying the support of the Native Americans with
promises of ___________________________
c) The greatly fortified force devastated the Cherokee to the
South and began capturing strategic French forts and cutting
off their ______________________.
d) The British conquered _____________ in 1759.
e) In 1760, they captured _________________.
f)
7)
8)
9)
10)
In the final years of the war, the British defeated the French
Navy and took French colonies in the Caribbean.
g) The ____________________in North America came to an
end.
French Defeat: The Treaty of Easton
a) The Treaty of Easton, signed in 1758, essentially sealed
France’s fate.
b) In the treaty, the British promised the Six Iroquois Nations to
stop settlements west of the Alleghenies in exchange for
their ________________ in the war.
c) This caused the French to abandon Fort Duquesne and, by
1760, Detroit and Montreal, the last two French strongholds
in North America, had fallen.
d) This was the end of major fighting in
______________________.
The Treaty of Paris
a) The 1763 Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian War.
b) The French transferred its claims west of the Mississippi to
____________ and ceded its territory east of the Mississippi
to the British.
c) The Treaties of Easton and Paris limited colonization to the
Eastern seaboard.
Pontiac’s Rebellion
a) Native Americans quickly grew _________________ with the
British.
b) The British exhibited little cultural sensitivity, traded unfairly,
and failed to stop encroachments on Indian land.
c) This unrest culminated in a rebellion by Pontiac, a Native
American leader who united various tribes with the goal of
expelling the British.
d) The uprising lasted from 1763 to 1766.
e) Massacres and atrocities occurred on both sides— most
notably, British General Jeffrey Amherst gave the Native
Americans blankets infested with ________________.
The Royal Proclamation of 1763
a) Violent incidents such as Pontiac's Rebellion prompted the
English crown to attempt to mandate an end to
encroachments on territory promised to the Indians.
b) Settlers were not to establish themselves west of the
“________________________.”
c) The effort was unsuccessful and is viewed by many to be a
leading cause of the ____________________________.