AP Psychology Chapter 15 test study guide
What is the difference between state and trait?
What is personality?
Describe how the trait theory differences from other theories of personality.
What is factor analysis and what theory of personality uses it?
Why is the five-factor model preferred in contemporary psychology over Cattell’s trait theory?
Describe the five-factors in the five-factor model personality.
Describe Avshalom Caspi and Terrie Moffitt’s research findings on personality differences.
How strongly do genetic differences account for personality variability among people?
Describe David Lykken’s twins’ studies results.
Describe what twin studies and adoption studies have shown as effects on personality by being raised in
the same family.
Define and explain split-parent identification.
Describe the way a child’s environment affect personality development when raised in the same family.
Describe Sulloway’s studies of the relationship between birth order and personality.
Describe the difference between contemporary studies on birth order and Sulloway’s studies on the
birth order.
Describe the gender differences in personality.
Describe the evolutionary perspective’s stance on gender differences in personality.
Describe how the psychoanalytic theory explains personality.
Describe the difference between Freudian theorists and post-Freudian theorists.
What are defense mechanism and give examples of these defense mechanisms:
Displacement
Projection
Rationalization
Reaction formation
Sublimation
Explain the social-cognitive theory of personality.
Explain the Humanistic theory of personality.
Know Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
Describe Julian Rotter’s research on luck and hard work.
What is self-efficacy?
Describe the research on how optimism and pessimism affects one’s coping.