Unit 8 – Physical and Chemical
Properties/Changes, Mixtures, Solutions and
Solubility
NYS Standards:
3.1a Substances have characteristic properties. Some of these properties include color, odor,
phase at room temperature, density, solubility, heat and electrical conductivity, hardness, and
boiling and freezing points.
3.1b Solubility can be affected by the nature of the solute and solvent, temperature, and pressure.
The rate of solution can be affected by the size of the particles, stirring, temperature, and the
amount of solute already dissolved.
3.1c The motion of particles helps to explain the phases (states) of matter as well as changes from
one phase to another. The phase in which matter exists depends on the attractive forces among its
particles.
3.1d Gases have neither a determined shape nor a definite volume. Gases assume the shape and
volume of a closed container.
3.1e A liquid has a definite volume, but takes the shape of a container.
3.1f A solid has a definite shape and volume. Particles resist a change in position.
3.1g Characteristic properties can be used to identify different materials, and separate a mixture
of substances into its components. For example, iron can be removed from a mixture by means
of a magnet. An insoluble substance can be separated from a soluble substance by such processes
as filtration, settling, and evaporation.
Physical Properties
-Can be observed without changing what the object
originally was.
-Examples of Physical Properties
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Hair – Color, Shape
Chalk – Color, Texture
Apple – Color, Taste
Water – Liquid, Clear
Physical Changes
-Changes in size, shape, or color (the object is still the same
substance).
-Examples of Physical Changes
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Hair – Haircut is still hair
Chalk – Break chalk and it is still chalk
Apple – Sliced apple is still apple
Water – Coloring in water is still water
Chemical Changes
-Evident when we make a NEW SUBSTANCE!!
-Evidence of Physical/Chemical Changes
 Physical Changes
o Size
o Shape
o Color
 Chemical Changes
o Bubbling
o Flammable
o Dissolving/Dissolves
Mixtures
-Matter that consists of two or more substances mixed
together but not chemically combined.
 Example: Water and Oil
o Water will be found on the bottom separated
from the oil.
 Example: Chocolate Syrup and Milk
o The syrup will fall to the bottom after letting it
settle
Solutions
-Type of chemical mixture formed when one substance is
dissolved in another.
 Example: Sugar and Water
o The sugar “disappears” in the water.
 Example: Chocolate Powder and Milk
o The powder will “disappear” in the milk.
Solubility
-The amount of solute that can be completely dissolved in a
given amount of solvent at a specific temperature.
 Soluble
o Substance that is able to DISSOLVE in another.
 Insoluble
o Substance that is not able to dissolve in another.
Mixtures can be separated by Evaporation, Settling (Density)
and Filtration.
 Remember, mixtures can be separated into parts.
Solubility Curves
- A way to figure out how much substance you can
dissolve at different temperatures.
-Match the temperature at the bottom with the grams of
solute on the left side…where they meet is the solubility
for that substance.
Ex:
KClO3 @ 55 degrees = 25.0 g
Ex:
NaCl @ 90 degrees =
40.0 g
 Most often, as the temperature increases, the
solubility increases.