Web Appendices / Supporting Information
Table S1. Predator and prey fish identification and day and night depth ranges from referenced fish tagging and midwater trawling
studies. Also included are general feeding guilds from best available referenced diet studies in the region of the North Pacific
Subtropical Gyre. Day and night (core) depth ranges from tagging studies are where fish species spend on average, >90% of their
time during daylight and night hours (tagging studies) or where >90% of species captures occurred (trawl studies). To represent
overall habitat depth we have provided the median of the overall depth range of each species (day and night). Median depths of
occurrence are the median depth values of the day-time and night-time core depth ranges for each species. Depth references were not
available for Cyema atrum and Serrivomer sector so capture depth ranges were used.
Species
Alepisaurus
ferox
Anoplogaster
cornuta
Bolinichthys
longipes
Bolinichthys
distofax
Chauliodus
Common name Day-time
(Core)
Depth
Range (m)
Longnosed
Unknown;
lancetfish
50-420
Fangtooth
750-1150
Night-time Median
(Core)
Depth of
Depth
Occurrence
Range (m) (m)
Unknown; 235
50-420
275-980
712.5
Depth
Reference(s)
Feeding Guild
Diet Reference(s)
Boggs 1992*
micronektonivore
387.5
Clarke &
Wagner 1976
Clarke 1973
piscivore? (also
crustaceans?)
zooplanktivore
Moteki et al. 1993; Choy
et al. 2013
Hopkins et al. 1996
Lanternfish
525-725
50-150
Lanternfish
490-690
490-690
590
Clarke 1973
zooplanktivore
Clarke 1973
Sloane’s
450-825
45-225
435
Clarke 1974
piscivore (and
Clarke 1982
Clarke 1973; Clarke 1978
sloani
viperfish
Coryphaena
hippurus
euphausiids,
<120mm)
micronektonivore
Common
dolphinfish or
Mahi-mahi
Cyclothone alba Bristlemouth
Cyclothone
Bristlemouth
pallida
Cyema atrum
Bobtail eel
0-100
(SML)?
0-100
(SML)?
50
425-465
600-1000
425-465
600-1000
445
800
1000-1500
(caught)
Exocoetus
volitans
Flying fish
neustonic
1000-1500 1250 (caught) 10-m2
zooplanktivore
(caught)
MOCNESS
data*
neustonic 0
Gorelova 1980; zooplanktivore
Lipskaya 1987
Gempylus
serpens
Hygophum
proximum
Idiacanthus
fasciola
Katsuwonus
pelamis
Lampris guttatus
Snake mackerel Unknown;
44-219
Lanternfish
500-700
Unknown; 131.5
44-219
25-150
362.5
Hawn & Seki
2005
Clarke 1973
micronektonivore
Gorelova 1980; Lipskaya
1987; Van Noord et al.
2013
Choy et al. 2013
zooplanktivore
Clarke 1973
Dragonfish
550-800
0-300
400f
Clarke 1974
piscivore
Clarke 1982
Skipjack tuna
50-300
0-50
150
micronektonivore
Moonfish or
100-400
Opah
Smith’s escolar 250-1000
50-150
225
0-250
500
micronektonivore
Alverson 1963; Bernard
et al. 1985
Jackson et al. 2000; Choy
et al. 2013
Choy et al. 2013
Blue marlin
0-100
0-30
50
nektonivore
Brock 1984
Lanternfish
600-800
0-15
400
Schaefer &
Fuller 2007
Polovina et al.
2008
Kerstetter et al.
2008
Holland et al.
1990; Block et
al. 1992
Clarke 1973
zooplanktivore
Clarke 1973
Lepidocybium
flavobrunneum
Makaira
nigricans
Myctophum
Palko 1982;
Lasso & Zapata
1999
Maynard 1978 zooplanktivore
Maynard 1978 zooplanktivore
micronektonivore
Palko 1982; Olson &
Galván-Magaña 2002
Kobayashi 1973
Kobayashi 1973
not available
lynchnobium
Serrivomer
sector
Thunnus
albcares (J)
Yellowfin tuna
(juvenile)
600-1000
(caught)
0-100
(SML)?
600-1000
(caught)
0-100
(SML)?
Yellowfin tuna
0-100
0-100
Thunnus obesus Bigeye tuna
300-500
0-100
Xiphias gladius Broadbill
swordfish
200-750
0-100
Thunnus
albacares
Sawtooth eel
800 (caught) 10-m2
MOCNESS data
50
Depth/catch
information not
available
50
Block et al.
1997; Brill et al.
1999
250
Musyl et al.
2003; Howell et
al. 2010
375
Abascal et al.
2010 ; Abecassis
et al. 2012
zooplanktivore,
micronektonivore
zooplanktivore
Clarke 1984; Geidner
2009
Maldeniya 1996
micronektonivore
King & Ikehara 1956
micronektonivore
King & Ikehara 1956
nektonivore
Watanabe et al. 2009
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Ichthyology 27:108-116.
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Table S2. Median capture depths per 10m2 MOCNESS depth intervals for 13 species of
micronekton fishes. Median capture depths are defined as the median of the minimum
and maximum depth recorded for an individual per known depth sampling horizon.
Multiple depths are given when individuals within a species were captured within
discrete depth horizons.
Species
Anoplogaster cornuta
Bolinichthys longipes
Bolinichthys distofax
Chauliodus sloani
Cyclothone alba
Cyclothone pallida
Cyema atrum
Exocoetus volitans
Hygophum proximum
Idiacanthus fasciola
Myctophum lynchnobium
Serrivomer sector
Thunnus albcares (J)
Median Capture Depth(s) (m)
750
550, 650
75, 400, 475
375, 400, 500
500
700, 1250
550, 1250
0
625, 650
400
125, 700
700, 875, 900
25