Study Guide for iiSII Semester Exam
(Wednesday-Periods 3-6--> January 23rd
Students with complete study guides will have 5% added to their exam scores.
To qualify study guides must:
Typed in a word document/ number each study guide element/ only write answer to each study guide element / answers are in your
own words / elements requiring diagrams turn in to teacher with number of element/Submited to turnitin.com with a score <50% by
7:00 AM on January23rd.
You can use your science notebook
2 drop-in review sessions in room 124 (2:30 PM on Tues. January 22nd and 7:00 AM on Wed. January 23rd).
Chapter 1:Investigations by Design
1. Be able to write a hypothesis.
2. Write a sentence that correctly includes the terms variable, control, and constant (i.e. controlled variables).
3. What criteria is needed to make a scientific investigation valid?
4. What is a null hypothesis?
5. Construct a complete lab flowchart
6. Identify questions that are scientifically testable.
7. What are the key parts of a scientific report?
8. What are the steps of scientific inquiry (page 26, Figure 1.10)?
9. Identify the key elements of an experimental design.
10. How do you write a prediction?
11. What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?
12. Be able to design an experiment.
13. Know how to write a conclusion (and what the necessary elements are for a well-written conclusion).
14. Know what is meant by a correlation between variables (direct and indirect).
Chapter 13:Time for Change
15. What is meant by the term velocity?
16. Be able to calculate the uplift rate (velocity) from the calculated distance a continental plate moves in a given time period, from a
given rate of plate movement calculate the distance moved.
17. Calculate the time it would take for a given plate to move given a constant velocity.
18. What is the erosion half life of a mountain. What factors might affect the erosion half life of a given mountain?
19. Determine the uplift of a given mountain given the uplift rate.
20. What evidence supports the theory of plate tectonics.
21. Draw and label a cross section of the Earth, identify the inner core, outer core, mantle continental crust and oceanic crust.
22. How does the oceanic crust compare to continental crust in terms of density?
23. Describe the three types of plate boundaries and the geologic formations that occur at those boundaries.
24. What is a subduction zone?- give an example of local plates that form a subduction zone.
25. What is an island (volcanic) arc- give an example.
26. What is a rift valley?..A trench?- Examples?
27. What is the relationship between mid ocean ridges and tectonic plate movement?
28. What geologic process is responsible for continental plate movement?
29. Given a specific velocity predict the distance or time required for a plate to move.
30. How is plate movement related to the distribution of various species?
31. What is an endemic species?
32. For figure 6.2 what are the similarities and differences in the arms for the 7 organisms shown? How do these similarities and
differences affect the way an organism survives in its environment?
33. What do you think scientists mean when they talk about the unity an diversity of life on Earth?
Gifts from the past:
34. Explain what the law of superposition is and be able to provide an example that illustrates this law.
35. Be able to use deductive reasoning to make inferences about stratigraphy of a rock formation in terms of the sequence in which
that formation was created.
36. What is the difference between relative and absolute dating? Give an example of each.
37. What kinds of information can you learn from a study of rock layers (stratigraphy)?
38. How are fossils formed? What environments are fossils formed in?
39. What are living fossils, give an example to illustrate your understanding.
40. Be able to make inferences about the fossils and rock layers shown in figure 6.9.
41. Given a particular fossil be able to make reasonable inferences about the organism’s environment.
42. How does the fossil record provide evidence of change across time?
Clocks in rocks:
43. Be able to explain what radiometric dating is.
44. Describe the process of radiometric dating using the following terms: isotope, parent/daughter isotope/element, radioactive decay
and half life.
45. What are the limitations of carbon dating?
46. What are some of the common isotopes used for radiometric dating and what are the parent half-lifes?
47. When given class data from a simulation of parent-daughter decay be able to graph the decay pattern of these isotopes and be able
to determine the time for one half life to elapse using this graph. Be able to show your work!
48. Where would you expect to find rocks with radioactive isotopes?How do fossils, rock layers and radiometric dating techniques
work together to provide evidence for change across time?
Who will survive?
49. Be able to write a results and conclusion for your group’s data 9or a data set provided) and be able to write highlight statements
for a graph of this data.
50. For this simulation be able to answer the following questions:
a) Do some prey survive better than others?
b) What do you think would cause some prey to survive better than others?
c) What do you think will happen to the prey population across time?
Bird beaks:
51. Use class data to write a conclusion for the bird beak simulation.
52. Which bird in this simulation would have the greatest chance of survival if… there was flooding and only water bugs were
left?...there was a drought and only seeds were left.
53. How does variation in the predator population affect the foods the organism can eat?
54. How might the variation be an advantage or disadvantage to the predator?
55. How does the survival of members of a population affect the makeup of that population?
56. What might cause a population of organisms within a species to change over time? List 3 causes.
Learning about life : a great discovery
57. How does change occur in organisms across populations over time?
58. Be able to define and provide examples of key concepts such as adaptation, natural selection, selective pressure, descent with
modification.
59. What level of biological level of organization is evolution thought to occur at?
60. How does one species survive better than another because of its characteristics, not of just one individual, but across the entire
population of that species?
61. Give examples of types of evidence that Darwin gathered to develop the theory of evolution.
62. Give at least three types- e.g. developmental/embryonic similarities……..
63. What insights into the process of evolution did the Grants provide? (pg. 324-325)
Chapter 7: Tracking Traits (Genetics)
64. Provide evidence that supports the particulate nature of genetics over the blending theory of inheritance.
65. What are monohybrid crosses? Be able to solve monohybrid type problems.
66. What is a chromosome? How many chromosomes do most humans have? What is a karyotype?
67. What is a gene? What is meant by the locus/loci of a gene? What is an allele?
68. What do the following terms mean: (draw a Punnett square to illustrate your understanding of these genetics terms)
a) Punnett square
b) homozygous dominant/recessive
c) heterozygous
d) P-generation
e) F1generation
f) F2 generation
g) phenotype
h) genotype
i) hybrid (not the car)
j) test cross.69. What is a dihybrid cross? - Know how to do dihybrid type problems
70. What ratio to you get when you cross two parents that are heterozygous for two different (unlinked) traits?
71. What are sex-linked traits? Why are these traits disproportionate between the sexes of a species?
72. Compare and contrast autosomes and sex chromosomes.
73. Know how to do sex-linked type problems.
74. What are some examples of sex-linked disorders?
75. Know how to do multiple allele-type problems (like blood type).
76. Know what a pedigree chart is and how make inferences using a pedigree chart
77. Genetics questions for baby lab are all "fair game"-know terms such as polygenic traits, epistasis , n, 2n, haploid, diploid,
genotype, phenotype..etc
78. Be able to compare the processes of mitosis to the process of meiosis
a) What is the biological function of each biological process?
b) How many daughter cells are produced?
c) How does the number of chromosomes compare between the parent cell and the daughter cells?
79. What are the steps in meiosis?
80. How does meiosis contribute to biological diversity?
81. How are gametes different than body cells?
82. How does mitosis contribute to continuity in cells?