Name:_____________________
Ch. 3 Study Guide
A.) Fill-in-the-Blank
1.) In the 1500s, Spain had the most powerful naval force in the world, and it was known as the
__Spanish Armada__.
2.) In 1584, Sir Walter Raleigh established a settlement off the coast of New York called
__Roanoke__, although it proved to be an unsuccessful attempt.
3.) __Virginia Dare__ was the first English child born in North America.
4.) A __charter__ was a document given by European governments that gave the holder the right
to organize settlements in an area.
5.) The __VA Company__ was a joint-stock company, comprised of a group of merchants, that
received a charter from King James I of England to establish a settlement in North America; they
would later establish a settlement in Jamestown.
6.) A __joint-stock company__ is one in which investors buy shares in a company in return for a
share in future profits.
7.) In 1607, The Virginia company sent 144 settlers to establish a colony called __Jamestown__
in Virginia.
8.) __John Rolfe__ was a Jamestown citizen who learned how to plant and grow a type of
tobacco, a source that would later save the Jamestown settlement; he also married Pocahontas.
9.) The __House of Burgesses__ was an early governing body in Virginia in which 10 towns in
Virginia elected and sent two burgesses, or representatives, to this meeting to make rules.
10.) People who could not afford to pay for their own fare to Virginia but who came because
their fare was paid by a plantation owner were called __indentured servants__; typically, in
exchange for the fare, these people agreed to work for seven years—at no charge—before being
allowed to own their own land.
11.) When King Henry VIII of England broke ties with the Roman Catholic Church, he
established the Church of England, otherwise known as the __Anglican Church__.
12.) The __Puritans__ were Protestants who wanted to reform the Church of England but not
break away from it, and they established a settlement in Boston, Massachusetts.
13.) The people in England who wanted to break away from the Anglican Church altogether and
establish their own churches were known as __separatists__.
14.) The __Pilgrims__ were a group of separatists who had endured years of religious
persecution in England; they later came to America and established a colony in what is now
Plymouth, Massachusetts.
15.) The mistreatment of a group of people because of their differences is known as
__persecution__.
16.) The document in which the Pilgrims signed that pledged their loyalty to the English
government and stated their intention of forming a governing body was called the __Mayflower
Compact__.
17.) The __Great Migration__ occurred during the 1630s, and it was a time in which around
15,000 Puritans traveled to and settled in North America to escape religious persecution in
England.
18.) The __General Court__ was an elected assembly in the Puritan settlement that made the
colony’s laws.
19.) Religious __toleration__ includes accepting another’s beliefs even though they are different
from your own.
20.) Landowners in the Dutch colonies who ruled their land like kings were called __patroons__.
21.) When England took control of New Netherland, it became a __proprietary colony__, or a
colony in which the owners own all land and control the government.
22.) The __Quakers__ were a religious group who believed that each individual has an “inner
light” that will guide them to salvation, that attending church and having church officials were
unnecessary, and that all men were equal; they established a settlement in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.
23.) A __pacifist__ is a person who does not believe in fighting under any circumstances.
24.) The __Mason-Dixon__ line is the boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland.
25.) Many people who came to Virginia in the 1600s were __indentured servants_, or people
who agreed to work for a landowner for a specific period of time (usually 7 years) for free in
exchange for their freedom.
26.) __Tenant farmers__ are people who work on land owned by someone else, and they pay rent
with either cash or crops.
27.) The Spanish built __missions__ in North America, which were religious settlements
established to convert people to a particular religion.
B.) Short-Answer
1.) What were the events leading up to the Spanish-English War?
(1) Religious differences- Spain remained close with the Catholic Church after the
Protestant Reformation; England was a Protestant nation
(2) English explorers wee attacking Spanish ships & ports; King Phillip of Spain
was mad because Queen Elizabeth of England would not punish them
2.) Why was the defeat of the Spanish Armada a significant event in history?
-Spain no longer controlled the seas; allowed other European countries, like England, to
establish colonies in the Americas
3.) Why is Roanoke often referred to as the “Lost Colony”?
-1584: FIRST COLONIZATION ATTEMPT BY ENGLAND Sir Walter Raleigh establishes a
colony on Roanoke Island, off the Coast of New York; 100 men settle very rough winter
return to England UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT
-1587- 2nd attempt @ Roanoke- 91 men, 17 women, and 9 children arrive, including John
White, a mapmaker and artist; White’s daughter was the first English woman to have a child in
the Americas; her daughter’s name was Virginia Dare, for which the colony was named. White
returned to England to get more supplies… only supposed to be gone for a few months…
delayed by the Spanish-English war… when he returns three years later, all of the colonists are
missing. Hence, this is oftentimes called “The Lost Colony”
4.) How did the decisions made by the settlers of Roanoke & Jamestown cause problems that
made their survival difficult?
5.) How did tobacco change life in Virginia in the 1600s?
(a) 1618-The English government begins giving 100 acres to all colonists
who paid their own way to Virginia; people wanted to go to make a fortune off of
tobacco
(b) VA Company begins to give out land grants (called headrights) of 50 acres to
colonists who paid for their way to Virginia; settlers also received 50 acres for every
person over the age of 15 that they brought
(c) indentured servants- some people could not afford to pay their own way to
Virginia, so they would agree to work for a plantation owner for 7 years. In exchange,
the plantation owner would pay their way to Virginia and feed them for the 7 years;
people who did this hoped to become rich after their service was up
(d) slavery- HUGE DEMAND; 1619: Dutch ships bring over 20 Africans
to sell as slaves most before the 1640s were indentured servants, set free after several
years of service, & given land afterwards
6.) How did the reasons behind the Puritans & Pilgrims’ relocation to America differ from the
decisions of the settlers in Jamestown & Roanoke to come to America?
-Jamestown & Roanoke came to get rich & most were poor or criminals
-Puritans & Pilgrims came for religious freedom
-Anglican Church (Puritans wanted to reform it, Pilgrims wanted to do away with it
altogether), English Civil War (Puritans began moving back to England while those loyal to the
King began moving to America)
7.) Explain how religion played a large role in the settlement of America.
-Puritans & Pilgrims in Massachusetts Jews from Germany , Sweden, and Finland
settling in both English and French colonies. Quakers in Pennsylvania. Maryland &
Catholicism. Connecticut & Rhode Island- safe haven for Puritan dissenters.
-Most colonies promised religious freedom in an attempt to attract settlers.
8.) What were some of the ways that England, France, and the Netherlands tried to attract settlers
to the New World?
-promise of religious freedom, elected representatives, fresh starts (GA & debtors), grants
of land
9.) How did the colonization efforts of England, Spain, and France differ from each other?