Biology II First Semester Exam Fall 2014 Review
Name_____________________________
1. After observing that fish live in clean water but not in polluted water, you make the
statement, “polluted water kills fish.” Your statement is an example of a hypothesis.
2. A scientific hypotheses are a prediction of what you think will happen.
3. The key purpose of experimentation is to
control factors that might affect the result.
4. When biologists organize species into groups, they attempt to do so based on
evolutionary relationships.
5. When attempting to group species, scientists use fossils, physical structures, gene
similarities.
6. Eukarya include Protista, . Plantae., Fungi. And Animalia.
7 Cells can grow without regulation
8. The advantage of controlled experiments is that all factors are controlled except one.
9. A study has been done to test the hypothesis that pesticides from agricultural lands are
contributing to the decline of amphibian populations. The study
shows that some species are declining while others are unaffected.
10. The nature and diversity of life have changed over time.
11. Electrons do not significantly add to the mass of an atom?
12. An unusual property of water is that
The hydrogen bonds between water molecules continually form and break.
13. The following interactions are important in biological systems?
Van der Waals interactions ,Hydrogen bonds and Hydrophobic interactions
14. An atom is made of protons, electrons, and sometimes neutrons; an element is a
substance composed of only one kind of atom.
15. Ionic bonds are
attractions between oppositely charged ions
16. Covalent bonds are the sharing of electrons between atoms, whereas ionic bonds are
the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
17. Sweating is a useful cooling device for humans because water
takes up a great deal of heat in changing from its liquid state to its gaseous state.
18. When exposed to extreme heat, the human body relies on evaporation to absorb
excess calories of heat and maintain normal body temperature.
19. Two characteristics of water make it different from most other compounds. Its solid
state is less dense its liquid state, and it takes up large amounts of heat to change to its
gaseous state.
20. Cells must keep certain biochemical reactions separate from one another.
Obtain and process energy and Convert genetic information into proteins
21. Roles of biological membranes in eukaryotic cells include : Separating a cell from its
environment ,. Selecting what goes into and out of the cell
Maintaining a constant internal environment and Communicating with adjacent cells
22. The utilization of “food” in the mitochondria, with the associated formation of ATP,
is termed cellular respiration
23. The cell is the basic unit of function and reproduction because
subcellular components cannot regenerate whole
24. A prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, whereas a eukaryotic cell does.
25. A prokaryotic cell don’t have nuclear envelope.
26. Members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes.
27. Ribosomes are made up of DNA.
28 Ribosomes are found in prokaryotic cells
29. In some prokaryotic organisms the plasma membrane folds to form an internal
membrane system that is able to carry on photosynthesis.
30. The DNA of prokaryotic cells is found in the nucleoid region.
31. Cell walls support the plant cell and determines its shape?
32. Some bacteria are able to propel themselves through liquid by means of a structure
called the flagellum.
33 Ribosomes are not visible under a light microscope, but they can be seen with an
electron microscope because
electron microscopes have more resolving power than light microscopes.
33. Using a light microscope, it is possible to view cytoplasm streaming around the
central vacuole in cells of the green alga Nitella. Why would you use a light microscope
instead of an electron microscope to study this process?
The electron microscope cannot be used to observe living cells.
34. A general function of all cellular membrane is that
35. The nuclear envelope contains pores for the passage of large molecules.
and is composed of two membranes.
36. The purpose of the folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane is to
increase the volume of the mitochondrial matrix.
37. Plastids are organelles that are found in plants but not in animals
38 Starch molecules are stored inside leucoplasts
39. Some organelles in eukaryotic cells are thought to have
originated from endosymbiotic relationships.
40. The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of
the nucleus.
41. The rough ER is the portion of the ER that
. has ribosomes attached to it.
42. The difference between the Golgi of plants, protists, and fungi when compared to that
of vertebrates, is that the vertebrates’ Golgi
forms a large apparatus from a few stacked sacks.
43. Materials that enter and leave the Golgi
. are packaged on or in vesicles.
44. Proteins from the Golgi are transported to the correct location due to
signals found on the packaged proteins
45. Substances move through biological membranes against concentration gradients via
active transport
46. Because the sodium–potassium pump imports K+ ions while exporting Na+ ions, it is
a coupled transport system called an antiport.
47. When placed in water, wilted plants lose their limpness because of
osmosis of water from the plant cells.
48. Houseplants adapted to indoor temperatures may die when accidentally left outdoors
in the cold because their
membranes lack adequate fluidity.
49. The compounds in biological membranes that form a barrier to the movement of
materials across the membrane are lipids
50. The interior of the phospholipid bilayer is
hydrophobic
51. In biological membranes, the phospholipids are arranged in a
bilayer, with the fatty acids pointing toward each other.
52. A protein that forms an ion channel through a membrane is most likely to be
an integral protein
53. When a mouse cell and a human cell are fused, the membrane proteins of the two
cells become uniformly distributed over the surface of the hybrid cell. This occurs
because many proteins can move around within the bilayer.
54. You fill a shallow pan with water and place a drop of red ink in one end of the pan
and a drop of green ink in the other end. Which of the following is true at equilibrium?
The red and green inks are uniformly distributed throughout the pan.
can be made without knowing the molecular weights of the pigment molecules.
55. Which of the following does not affect the rate of diffusion of a substance?
Presence of other substances in the solution
56. For cells in which carbon dioxide crosses the plasma membrane by simple diffusion,
what determines the rate at which carbon dioxide enters the cell?
The concentration of carbon dioxide on each side of the membrane
57. Plant cells transport sucrose across the vacuole membrane against its concentration
gradient by a process known as
active transport
58. When placed in a hypertonic solution, plant cells shrink
59. You place cells in a solution of glucose and measure the rate at which glucose enters
the cells. As you increase the concentration of the glucose solution, the rate increases.
However, when the glucose concentration of the solution is increased above 10 M, the
rate no longer increases. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism for glucose
transport into the cell?
Facilitated diffusion via a channel protein
60. Transporting substances across a membrane from an area of lower concentration to an
area of higher concentration requires energy
61. In the parietal cells of the stomach, the uptake of chloride ions is coupled to the
transport of bicarbonate ions out of the cell. This type of transport system is called
an antiport.
62. When a red blood cell is placed in an isotonic solution, which of the following will
occur?
Water moves into and out of the cell at an equal rate.
63. When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, which of the following occurs?
The cell takes up water until the osmotic potential equals the pressure potential of the cell
wall
64 ATP is a. a short-term energy-storage compound., the cell’s principle compound for
energy transfers, synthesized within mitochondria. , the molecule all living cells rely on
to do work
65. Animals breathe in air containing oxygen and breathe out air with less oxygen and
more carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide comes from
the citric acid cycle.
66. Yeast cells tend to create anaerobic conditions because they use oxygen more quickly
than it can be replaced by diffusion through the cell membrane. For this reason, yeast
cells produce ethanol.
67. In human muscle cells, the fermentation process produces lactic acid.
68. In all cells, glucose metabolism begins with
glycolysis
69. The citric acid cycle begins with ATP synthase
70. NAD is a key electron carrier in redox reactions.
71. Which of the following is true of metabolic pathways?
Each metabolic pathway is regulated by specific enzymes.
72. Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate, generating a small amount of ATP but no
carbon dioxide
73. The O2 gas produced during photosynthesis is derived from water.
74. Photosynthesis and respiration have which of the following in common?
In eukaryotes, both processes reside in specialized organelles.
ATP synthesis in both processes relies on the chemiosmotic mechanism.
Both use electron transport.
75. Heterotrophs are dependent on autotrophs for their food supply. Autotrophs can make
their own food by
using light and simple chemicals to make reduced carbon compounds.
76. Photosynthesis is the process that uses light energy to extract hydrogen atoms from
water
77. during the dark reactions of photosynthesis
CO2 is converted into sugars.
78. Photosynthesis takes place in plants only in the light. Respiration takes place
both with and without light. e. None of the above
79. The revised, balanced equation for the generation of sugar from sunlight, water, and
CO2 is
6 CO2 + 6 H2O →C6H12O6 + 6 O2.
80 During prokaryotic cell division, two chromosomes separate from each other and
distribute into the daughter cells by
attachment to separating membrane regions.
81. Bacteria typically have _______, whereas eukaryotes have _______.
one chromosome that is circular; many that are linear
82. DNA replication occurs
during the S phase.
83. The products of mitosis are two genetically identical nuclei
84. The mitotic spindle is composed of microtubules
85. When dividing cells are examined under a light microscope, chromosomes first
become visible during prophase
86. The structures that line up the chromatids on the equatorial plate during metaphase
polar and kinetochore microtubules.
87. The microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to a specialized structure in the
centromere region of each chromosome called the kinetochore
88. After the centromeres separate during mitosis, the chromatids, now called daughter
chromosomes move toward opposite poles of the spindle.
89. In plant cells, cytokinesis is accomplished by the
90. During asexual reproduction, the genetic material of the parent is passed on to the
offspring by mitosis and cytokinesis
91. Meiosis can occur only when an organism is diploid..
92. All zygotes are diploid.
93. In all sexually reproducing organisms, the diploid phase of the life cycle begins at
fertilization.
94. The members of a homologous pair of chromosomes
are identical in size and appearance
95. The diagnosis of Down syndrome is made by examining the individual’s karyotype
96. During meiosis, the sister chromatids separate during anaphase II
97. The exchange of genetic material between chromatids on homologous chromosomes
occurs during prophase I
98. At the end of the first meiotic division, each chromosome consists of two chromatids
99. The four haploid nuclei found at the end of meiosis differ from one another in their
exact genetic composition. Some of this difference is the result of
crossing over during prophase I.
100. Diploid cells of the fruit fly Drosophila have 10 chromosomes. How many
chromosomes does a Drosophila gamete have? 5