Exercise Physiology/Anatomy
Optimum Fitness
Vocab
Specificity of training:
Flexibility:
Resistance training:
Optimum physical fitness:
Cardiovascular or cardiorespiratory fitness:
Muscular strength:
Fat free weight:
Body fat:
Body fat % for healthy individual is in the range of ___ to ____ for women and ____ to _____ for men.
Name two examples of controlled fitness testing:
Name two examples of less controlled fitness testing:
Cardiovascular System pgs 3-4 & 30 -34,
Vocab
Carbon dioxide: a byproduct of energy production
Arteries: carry blood away from the heart
Veins: transport blood toward the heart
Capillaries: where gas exchange occurs in the distal tissues
Pulmonary circulation: from the heart to the lungs and back
Systemic circulation: flow of blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body and back
Systole: refers to the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle
Diastole: refers to the relaxation phase
Pg. 30-34
Oxygen is required for:
The CV and respiratory systems main function is :
The CV system main function:
Name the 2 components of blood: _______________________ and ______________________
In an adult the heart is about the size of a_________________
List the flow of blood starting with the Superior/Inferior vena cava:
Heart: labeling
Heart Basics:
- R side =
- Myocardium contracts sends blood to lungs
- Blood picks up
- Oxygenated blood to ______ side
- While ____ side contracts _____ side contracts and sends blood through the ______ to rest of body
2 main circulatory patterns:
- Pulmonary:
o
- Systemic:
o
- Cardiac cycle:
Cardiac Output:
- Factors
- Stroke volume
Equation:
Ejection Fraction:
Oxygen Extraction at the Muscle:
Energy Production in Cells
Vocab
Aerobic:
Mitochondria:
Anaerobic:
Ischemia:
Angina Pectoris:
ATP
-
Stroke:
Anaerobic Threshold:
Glycogen:
Creatine Phosphate:
Enzymes:
Supply of energy (ATP) comes from 1 of 3 pathways:
Aerobic energy system
Anaerobic energy system
Creatine Phosphate system
Enzymes:
-
Aerobic Capacity
Maximal Oxygen Consumption
VoO2 max:
Depends on 2 factors:
Formula:
MET:
To determine VO2 Equivalent:
VO2 Max increases with:
Therefore: The Aerobically trained client can perform more intense activities than the untrained person.
Cardiovascular/Cardiopulmonary Responses to Exercise
Changes in Oxygen Delivery
-
-
Increase in
o
WHY?
o
HOW?
SBP during exercise:
-
Diastolic pressure during exercise:
-
Why do we want these changes?
Changes in Cardiac Output
In response to aerobic training:
-
Increased aerobic capacity causes:
o
1.
o
4.
o
2.
o
5.
o
3.
o
6.
Changes in Oxygen Extraction
-
1. New capillaries:
o
-
-
Importance?
2. Increase in:
o
Which increases
o
Which increases
Increased maximum _______________________________ + increased ___________________ =
o
1.
o
2.
o
Ability to produce ATP =
Submaximal exercises changes:
Guidelines for Cardiovascular Fitness
Overload Principle:
Maximizing overload:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Type of Exercise:
Principle of Specificity of Training:
Large Muscle Groups:
Rhythmic:
Intensity of exercise:
- If too great:
- - range should be:
- Or range should be:
- Higher the level of fitness =
- Improvement will show at:
Duration of Exercise:
Monitoring Intensity:
- 1.
-2
- 3.
- 4.
-5.
-Research indicates:
- explain the inverse relationship and its equation
- Interval Training exercise:
* 1.
* 2.
Frequency of Exercise:
Warm up and cool down
-
-
-
-
Benefits of Regular Aerobic Exercise:
warm up :
Cool down:
- 4 primary risk factors for coronary artery disease:
-
1.
-
2.
-
3.
- weightbearing exercises:
4.
- Diabetes:
- Minimizing CAD risks:
-
1.
-
2.
3.