Colonization Review
1. Mayflower Compact – An agreement drawn up by the Pilgrims to unite themselves as a colony;
established in 1620; drafted by William Bradford; first framework for self-government
2. Diversity – a great variety…true of the middle colonies
3. Salem Witch Trials – were held to determine if certain Puritans were dealing with the devil;
Salem, Mass. in 1642; most of the accused were outcasts of society
4. Pueblo Revolt – The 1680 uprising of Native Americans against the Spanish in New Mexico
because they attempted to suppress native religious practices.
5. Isthmus – a narrow strip of land that joins two larger land areas
6. Conquistador – a Spanish conqueror who came to fight in the Americas in the 16th century;
soldier
7. Sachem – The name given to certain Native American leaders; chief or high official; Iroquois
8. Proprietary colony – A colony over which an individual or group had been granted full governing
rights; rights to self-governing
9. Indentured servant – Someone who was contracted to work for a master for a set period of
time; additional labor was needed to cultivate and harvest tobacco in Virginia
10. Joint stock company – An organization funded by investors to establish colonies; Jamestown
11. Legislature – a law making assembly
12. Bacon’s Rebellion – a 1676 uprising of Virginia settlers demanding a greater voice in their
government; enslaved blacks were promised freedom if they fought on Bacon’s side;
antagonism toward native peoples became a dominant characteristic of frontier life in colonial
Virginia
13. Religious tolerance – the idea that people of different faiths should live together in peace;
Rhode Island
14. Presidio – a Spanish fort occupied by a few soldiers; defense against pirates
15. Haven – a safe place; Maryland was a haven for Catholics; Penn. for Quakers; Rhode Island for
all religions
16. Economic Activities of the Spanish – mining, farming, ranching
17. Encomienda system – forced Native Americans to work for Spanish colonists; legal system used
by Spanish during colonization
18. Northwest passage – A water route across North America was sought by many explorers
including Cabot, Frobisher, and Hudson; a ship route along the arctic coast of Canada and Alaska
joining the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean
19. Jamestown’s near failure…causes – the swampy site chosen for its settlement, starvation,
disease, interaction with the natives; lack of skills; environment
20. New France…goals – the fur trade shaped its growth, interaction with the natives was key
21. Puritan values – a passion for social order; everything revolved around God; simplicity; migrated
to New England to escape religious persecution
22. New York – the English took NY from the Dutch founders in 1664, they envied its prosperity;
major trading post
23. Colonial religious origins – Mass., Penn., Maryland were founded to escape from religious
persecution
24. Florida’s settlement – was sought to safeguard Spanish fleets with defensive bases
25. Spanish missions – goal to convert Native Americans to the Spanish religion and customs
26. Tobacco – growing tobacco for sale helped the Virginia colony survive; major cash crop
27. Middle colonies population – was known for its diversity, Penn. and Maryland were established
to offer a haven for certain religious groups
28. New England colonies commercial activities – trading, shipbuilding, and fishing
29. Massachusetts Bay Colony government and society – Religious leaders possessed high social
status and greatly influenced political affairs
30. Study Colonial organizers…know your colonies
a. Virginia was established for the purpose of economic profit
Constructed Response Options:
31. Identify two reasons why the British wanted to establish colonies in the Americas.
British privateers wanted a base in the Americas from which to attack Spanish ships and cities;
The British wanted to find a Northwest Passage to the Indies;
British merchants wanted new markets for their goods;
England was becoming overcrowded
Search for gold and wealth
32. How would you compare the beliefs of the Puritans about religious tolerance with those of
William Penn?
William Penn wanted the people of his colony to practice religious tolerance, and he welcomed
many faiths. The Puritans wanted the people of their colony to practice only the faith of the
Puritans and to support it with taxes.
33. How would you contrast the impact that the French Fur traders and the English Settlers of New
England had on Native American groups?
The French fur trade led to rivalries between many Native American groups, igniting an increase
in warfare among them. English Farming methods, which destroyed valuable hunting grounds,
brought Native Americans into conflict with the English colonists.
34. How did Anne Hutchinson’s ideology differ from that of the Puritan authorities?
Anne Hutchinson’s ideology of allowing people to think for themselves about religious ideas and
obedience to God came into direct conflict with the Puritan idea the Puritan authority was to be
accepted unquestioningly in all matters of religion – as well as other areas of life.
Additional Skills: You should be able to interpret a graph and analyze a document.