Name:
Period:
Anatomy and Physiology
The Respiratory System
The Respiratory System is the system that takes in O from the environment and
2
_______________________________________________ it for CO .
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In addition, this system traps particles from the air (that came in with the O ), control
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_________________________________________________ and water loss, produce
__________________________________________sounds and aid in smell and maintaining blood pH.
The Organs of the Respiratory System: ________________________, nasal cavity,
__________________________________________, pharynx, larynx,
__________________________________________, bronchial tree, and
__________________________________________.
The Nose:
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this contains 2 nostrils or __________________________________________ (openings), bone and
cartilage, & internal hairs.
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Its function is for air exchange and trapping of
_________________________________________________ from the air
The Nasal Cavity:
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This is the opening (hollow space) behind the nose.
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It is divided into 2 parts by the nasal __________________________________________(bone).
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It also contains passageways divided by nasal
____________________________________________________________(lobes)
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It is lined by mucous membranes which has cilia & BVs
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The mucus __________________________________________ particles
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The ___________________________________ provide sweeping movements that direct the air
& particles
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The BVs ___________________________________________ incoming air into the body
(adjusting it to the body’s temp)
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Period:
The Paranasal Sinuses:
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are ________________________________________________ spaces in the skull bones (specifically,
frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, & sphenoid)
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are lined with _________________________________________ membranes
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affect the sound quality of the ______________________________________________
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a sinus headache is (not only painful but) a blocked sinus (it cannot drain properly). This can be caused
by ______________________________________________ or infection.
The Pharynx:
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a.k.a. _________________________________________________________
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passageway for both _____________________________ (leading to esophagus) and
__________________________________ (leading to larynx)
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aids in sound production
The Larynx:
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a small passageway that connects the pharynx to the
_______________________________________________________
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allows air to pass through, preventing ______________________________________________ from
entering the trachea
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houses the _____________________________________________________________________
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composed of muscle and cartilage:
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thyroid cartilage (a.k.a. __________________________________________________): largest of
these; found in the mid-section of the larynx. Do women have Adam’s apples?
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epiglottic cartilage: found at the top of the larynx; supports the
___________________________________________________(a flaplike structure that allows air
to pass through the trachea but prevents food & liquids to enter)
The Trachea:
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a.k.a. _____________________________________________________________
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the tube in front of the ___________________________________________________
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splits into the left and right bronchi
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contains a ciliated mucoid lining which ____________________________________________air particles
and transports air down into the bronchial tree
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the wall is lined with ____________________________________________ hyaline cartilage that hold
the tube open while the opening of the “C” is supported with muscle which is movable. This allows
Name:
Period:
room for the esophagus to ___________________________________________________ when
swallowing.
The Bronchial Tree:
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_____________________________________________ airways (left & right) that come from the trachea
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these are supported by ________________________________________________ until they get smaller
& smaller in size (the amount of cartilage decreases with the decrease in size)
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these provide the passageway of __________________________________into the lungs
From largest (and the trachea) to the lungs:
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______________________________________________move air into bronchioles.
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_____________________________________________ move air into alveolar
____________________________________________ then to alveolar
__________________________________________then finally alveoli
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Alveoli are where gas exchange takes place;
_____________________________________________ (a capillary net) are in close contact with
these, allowing gases to enter and exit the bloodstream.
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Gas exchange occurs here via ________________________________________.
The Lungs:
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these are soft _________________________________________________ organs that are found within
the thoracic cavity
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they are enclosed & protected by the _______________________________ and sternum and separated
by the mediastinum
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they contain: air passages, ____________________________________________, BVs, connective tissue,
lymphatic tissue & nerves
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the right lung contains _________________ lobes while the left lobe contains
___________________________ lobes.
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Each lobe is supplied by a branch of the bronchial tree
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Each lung is covered by:
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______________________________________________________ pleura: serous membrane that
follows the shape of the lung
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Parietal _________________________________________________: serous membrane that
covers the visceral pleura
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Pleural cavity: potential space in between these; contains small amount of
__________________________________________ fluid to reduce friction during breathing
Name:
Period:
Respiratory Physiology
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________________________________________________________ respiration is the use of O by cells
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(and release of CO ); this is how we produce ATP from food.
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Respiration is the exchange of ________________________________________with CO
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Respiration occurs in 4 steps:
1. ______________________________________________________: breathing in O & out CO (lungs fill
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with air & empty)
2. external respiration: gas exchange between air &
___________________________________________________________
3. gas transport by blood
4. ________________________________________________________respiration: gas exchange between
blood & body cells
Breathing Mechanism:
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a.k.a. __________________________________________________________________
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occurs by inspiration (breathing in, or ___________________________________________________) and
___________________________________________________ (breathing out, or exhalation)
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the pressure on the inside of the lungs is about the same as the pressure on the outside of the thoracic
cavity
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The __________________________________________________contracts & relaxes, allowing
inspiration & expiration.
Nonrespiratory Air Movements:
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Air movements with the respiratory system for reasons other than
____________________________________________________________________.
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This can be ___________________________________________________, sneezing,
_____________________________________________, crying, hiccupping, or
_____________________________________________.
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A hiccup is a _________________________________________ of the diaphragm.
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_____________________________________________ is usually to aid the body in taking deep
breaths.
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These are considered _______________________________________________.
Name:
Period:
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Coughing & sneezing generally clear
___________________________________________________________________
Respiratory Imbalances:
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Emphysema is a disease of the lungs in which the alveolar walls
___________________________________________________.
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This is a progressive disease that reduces the _______________________________________________
of the alveoli.
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This is caused by tobacco smoke, pollution or heredity.
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Lung cancer is the abnormal ____________________________________ growth in the lungs. This has a
variety of causes, from tobacco to asbestos. This disease metastasizes to major organs and is not
treated with much success.
Breathing Control:
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Breathing is a _____________________________________________ (occurs even when unconscious)
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It is rhythmic and ________________________________________________________
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The muscles can be controlled, however
•
Respiratory Center:
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This is a group of neurons found in the brain: pons and
_______________________________________________________________________
Control of Respiration:
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____________________________________________ Factors: nonrespiratory movements
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____________________________________________Control: exercise
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____________________________________________ Factors: fear; pain
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____________________________________________Factors: levels of O & CO
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