AISD - 2009
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY:
ANIMAL BODY SYSTEMS:
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Respiratory System

Function: to provide oxygen gas
need for cellular respiration and
remove carbon dioxide from the
body

Invertebrate Organs:
◦ gills and trachae

Main Vertebrate Organs:
◦ Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea,
bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, gills, diaphragm
Respiration in animals

Whether they live in water or on land, all
animals must respire.
◦ To respire means to take in oxygen and give off
carbon dioxide.
Some animals rely of simple diffusion through
their skin to respire.
 While others…
 Have developed large complex organ systems
for respiration.

Figure 29–9 Invertebrate Respiratory
Section 29-2
Systems
Gill
Tracheal
tubes
Siphons
Movement of water
Insect
Mollusk
Airflow
Spider
Book
lung
Spiracles
Aquatic Gills


Water flows
through the mouth
then over the gills
where oxygen is
removed
Carbon dioxide
and water are then
pumped out
through the
operculum
Vertebrate lungs

As you move from amphibians to mammals the
surface area of the lungs increases
◦ Insures a greater amount of gas exchange (or a two
way flow of air).

Birds, by contrast have lungs and air sacs which
have only a one-way flow of air.
◦ This allows for them to have constant contact with
fresh air.
◦ This adaptation enables them to fly at high altitudes
where there is less oxygen.
Figure 33–10:Vertebrate Lungs
Section 33-3
Nostrils, mouth, and throat
Trachea
Lung
Air sac
Salamander
Lizard
Primate
Pigeon
Figure 37-13 The Respiratory System
The Human Respiratory System
Section 37-3