RESPIRATORY REVIEW
1. What is the name of the cartilage flap that covers the larynx when you swallow? ____________________________
2. The respiratory system ends in millions of tiny, thin-walled sacs called: ____________________________________
3. Where would you find a person’s larynx?____________________________________________________________
4. What covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the rib cage?_______________________
5. The windpipe is referred to as the: __________________________________________________________________
6. The walls of the trachea are made more rigid by the presence of: ________________________________________
7. Each lung is divided into two or three parts called:_____________________________________________________
8. Structures that produce mucous for the respiratory tract and are located in the skull are the: __________________
9. When the trachea divides to enter both lungs, the tubes that are formed are called: _________________________
10. The partition that separates the nose into right and left cavities is the: ___________________________________
11. The medical name for the throat is the: _______________________________________________________________
12. Surfactant is a fatty substance in the lungs that prevents:_______________________________________________
13. Which structure of the respiratory system is responsible for voice production?_______________________________
14. What is initially sensed by the brain to control breathing? ______________________________________________
15. Cilia located in the nasal epithelium perform the function of: _____________________________________________
16. Coughing is the body’s attempt to: ________________________________________________________________
17. The part of respiration that involves taking air into the lungs is called:_______________________________________
18. Moving air out of the lungs is called: _________________________________________________________________
19. Collectively, taking air into then moving air out of the lungs is called:_______________________________________
20. The normal number of breaths an adult takes each minute at rest is about: ________________________________
21. List the correct pathway of air into the lungs: ______________, _____________, ________________,
______________
22. What function is made possible by fibrous plates contained within the cartilage of the larynx?___________________
23. When you sleep, do respirations increase or decrease? ________________ Exercise?__________________________
DISORDERS
1. Influenza is caused by a:___________________________________________________________________________
2.The most common cause of chronic bronchitis is: _______________________________________________________
3. Katlin comes to the office with wheezing, dyspnea, and tightness in the chest. She is experiencing: _______________
4. Due to the increases in illegal immigration, homelessness, and AIDS, the incidence of what disease is increasing in the
United States? __________________________________________________________________________________
5. The two main causes of pneumonia are: ____________________ and ______________________________________
6. What is dyspnea? ________________________________________________________________________________
7. In what disease does dyspnea worsen as the disease progresses? _________________________________________
8. Cough, low grade fever in the afternoon, weight loss, and night sweats are symptoms of what respiratory
disease? _________________________________________________________________________________________
9. What disorder is characterized by overdilated alveoli that have lost their elasticity? ____________________________
10. Kim experienced hoarseness for two days and loss of voice for three days. She most likely suffers
from:_____________________________________________________________________________________
THINGS TO REMEMBER:
• The respiratory center is located in the brain, the medulla oblongata.
• Phrenic nerves are motor nerves which lead to the diaphragm and the intercostal
• muscles.
• An increase of carbon dioxide or lack of oxygen in the blood will trigger the
respiratory center.
• Nerve pathways carry sensory impulses from the nose, larynx, lungs, skin, and
abdominal organs via the vagus nerve in the medulla
Chemical regulators of respiration (chemoreceptors) are found in the carotid
arteries and the aorta. As the arterial blood flows around_ these structures, the
chemoreceptors are particularly sensitive to the amount of oxygen present. If the
level becomes low, impulses are sent from these structures to the respiratory
center which will stimulate the rate and depth of respiration.