The Respiratory System
Functions
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Pulmonary Ventilation
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External Respiration
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exchange of gases between ______________ & _______________.
Use of Oxygen
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exchange of gases between _____________ & _______________
Internal Respiration
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______________________ air in & out.
cellular _______________________
Production of Carbon Dioxide
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a _______________________ of cellular respiration.
General Anatomy
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Upper Respiratory system:
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Nasal passage to ________________
Lower Respiratory system:
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Larynx to ________________
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________________ cold area
Respiratory Disorders
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UPPER RESPIRATORY:
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_____________________
- ____________________
- __________________
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_____________________
- ____________________
- __________________
LOWER RESPIRATORY:
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________________
- _______________
- __________________
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________________
- _______________
- __________________
- __________________
Nose & Sinus Cavity
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External ________________ - opens to ____________________________.
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Nasal _______________ - contains ______________________.
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___________________ - nasal canal.
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Nasal __________________ - divides left & right ________________ passage.
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Nasal ___________________ (turbinate bone) ______________ & moistens air.
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Internal ______________ - entrance to ______________________ & larynx.
Pharynx
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___________________________:
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Internal nares to soft____________________.
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_________________________ tubes
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_________________________ tonsils (adenoids)
___________________________:
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Soft palate to ___________________ bone.
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____________________ tonsils
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____________________ tonsils
___________________________:
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Hyoid bone to entrance of _______________________ & ____________________
Anterior Larynx
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Location- ________ to ________
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____ cartilages of the larynx
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3 major cartilages
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___________________ - hyoid cartilage
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__________________ cartilage- anchors adams apple.
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__________________ cartilage- below thyroid cartilage
Open Glottis
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Entrance into __________________.
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___________________ folds (false vocal cords)- soft tissue that surrounds ____________ cords.
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______________ cords (true) vibrate when air passes to produce __________________.
Epiglottis in Action
- Step 1: _______________________________________________________________________________
- Step 2: _______________________________________________________________________________
- Step 3: _______________________________________________________________________________
Trachea
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11cm long, 2.5 cm wide.
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_____________________ layer:
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“_____”-shaped.
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15 to 20 tracheal ______________.
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___________________ cartilage.
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Open part of “C” covered by _______________________ muscle.
Bronchial Tree
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________________ - Right is shorter & thicker, left is longer & thinner.
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________________
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_______________________.
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Not ringed in ______________________.
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End in ___________________.
Lungs
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Right lung = ____ lobes
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Left lung = ____ lobes
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Smaller because _________ of your heart is on the _____________ side.
MEMBRANES: for ____________________
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________________ Pleura- connects to thoracic cavity.
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________________ Pleura- connects to lungs.
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________________ Cavity- space between parietal & visceral pleura, filled with ___________.
Alveoli
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Clusters of _______________________ air sacs.
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Capillaries are one cell thick, _______________ diffuse easily.
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Area of gas _______________ with _______________.
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Surrounded in ______________________ beds.
Mechanisms & Transport of Gases
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Partial Pressure of each gas (02 & C02 mmHg) determines where it will diffuse.
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Let’s draw:
External Respiration
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Gas exchange between alveoli & _______________
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________ goes from alveoli to blood due to _____________________ gradient & gas ________________.
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___________ + ___________  __________________
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_______ goes from blood to _______________ due to concentration gradient & gas pressures.
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_______________  ___________ + _____________
Internal Respiration
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Gas exchange between blood and ____________.
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Regulated by gas pressures & concentration __________________.
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________ diffuses from blood to cells.
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______________  _____________ + ______________
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___________ diffuses from ____________ to blood.
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_____________ + _____________  ______________ or
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_____________ + _____________  ______________
Diaphragm
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Muscular sheet that divides the ___________________ & ______________________ cavities.
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Contracts & ___________________ to move air in & out.
The Inhaling Process
1. Need to __________________ the internal volume of the _______________ cavity
- Diaphragm ______________ (lowers), ribcage ______________
2. Causes lower ________________ pressure (compared to external pressure) - __________ Law = P & V
are _____________________ proportional
3. Air rushes __________.
The Exhaling Process - the opposite of the inhale
1. Need to ____________________ the internal volume of the thoracic cavity
- Diaphragm ________________ (raises), ribcage ___________________
2. Causes _______________ internal pressure (compared to external pressure) - Boyles Law = P & V are
inversely proportional
3. Air rushes _____________.