SBI4U: Review Topics
May 25, 2014
Unit 1: Biochemistry
 Carbohydrates
o Monomers: be able to identify
o Building:
 Reaction type
 Draw reaction
 Name of bond/linkage
o Breaking down
 Reaction type
 Draw reaction
o Functions in the cell
 Lipids
o Monomers: be able to identify
 Know for a triglyceride and a phospholipid
o Building:
 Reaction type
 Draw reaction
 Name of bond/linkage (ester)
o Breaking down
 Reaction type
 Draw reaction
o Functions in the cell
 Proteins
o Monomers: be able to identify
 Know the different types
o Building:
 Reaction type
 Draw reaction
 Name of bond/linkage
o Breaking down
 Reaction type
 Draw reaction
o Functions in the cell
 Nucleic Acids
o Monomers: be able to identify
 Know the different types (dNTPs versus NTPs) (purines vs pyrimidines)
o Building:
 Reaction type
 Draw reaction
 Name of bond/linkage
o Breaking down
 Reaction type
 Draw reaction
o Functions in the cell
 Example Problems:
o Page 110-111, # 5, 11, 15, 34, 39
o Page 112-117, # 12, 32, 33, 42 (except e), 51, *52*, 70, 71, 86
o Page 64 – 66, # 6, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 40, 52, 54, 55, 58
Unit 2: Molecular Genetics
 DNA replication
o DNA terminology
 Template strand
 Leading versus lagging strand
 Directionality
 Direction template strand is read
 Direction new strand is created
o Enzymes/proteins involved
 Helicase, Gyrase, SSBP, Primase, DNA Polymerase (III and I), Ligase
o Steps: general events
 Initiation (Finding start and opening strands)
 Elongation (Adding nucleotides to new strand)
 Termination (Ligations and proof-reading)
 Transcription
o DNA terminology
 Coding vs. non-coding
 Sense vs. anti-sense
 Directionality
o Enzyme
o Steps: general events
 Initiation (Promoter)
 Elongation (Adding nucleotides)
 Terminaton (Complex falling apart)
o Post-transcriptional modification
 5’-cap: what it is and enzyme
 Poly-A tail: what it is and enzyme
 Splicing: introns vs exons
 Translation
o DNA terminology
 Directionality
o Enzyme (2 protein subunits and rRNA)
o Steps: general events
 Initiation (Start codon)
 Elongation (codon vs anticodon, tRNA)
 Termination (Stop codons)
 DNA technology
o Bacterial transformation
 Plasmids: antibiotic resistance gene
 CaCl2 heat shock protocol
 What it is and how it works
 Example Problems:
o Page 290, #1, 2, 3
o Page 303, #7, 8, 16
o Page 304-305, #2, 6, 9, 10, 18, 19, 26
o Page 357, #2, 4, 6, 11, 13, 16
o Page 358-360, #1, 2, 5, 6, 18, 19, 24, 33, 35
Unit 3: Metabolic Processes
 For each of the following processes, you will need to know:
o An overall (net) reaction
o What molecules enter and leave the process
o The number of carbons throughout
o Where it occurs
o The types of reactions that occur
 Phosphorylation, substrate-level phosphorylation
 Redox
 Synthesis
 Lysis/hydrolysis
 Carboxylation/decarboxylation
 Isomerization
 Hydration/dehydration
o The types of enzymes involved
o How many energy molecules are generated or used
 Cellular Respiration
o Glycolysis
o Pyruvate oxidation
o Krebs cycle
o ETC and oxidative phosphorylation
 Photosynthesis
o Light-dependent reactions
o Calvin cycle
 Review problems:
o Page 171, #1-7.
o Page 182, #1-9.
o Page 189, #1-4.
o Page 194, #1-5.
o Page 219, #1, 5.
o Page 228, #1-6, 8, 9.
o Page 234, #1, 4, 5, 7, 9.
o Page 203, ALL except 6, 9, 18.
o Page 204, ALL except 10.
o Page 245, ALL except 16
o Page 246, ALL except 17.
Unit 4: Homeostasis
 Negative vs positive feedback mechanisms (page 432-434)
 Hormones (page 468-471)
 Endocrine glands (473-485)
o Hypothalmus
o Pituitary
 Growth hormone
 Antidiuretic hormone
o Thyroid and parathyroid
 Calcium regulating hormones
o Adrenal
 Stress regulating hormones (also pages 549-551)
 Aldosterone
o Pancreas
 Insulin and glucagon
 Diabetes
 Water regulation and excretion (page 448-452)
 Review problems:
o Page 460-461, #1, 2, 7-11, 17-22, 31-34, 36, 37
o Page 508-510, #1-10, 16, 17, 19-22, 27, 29-33, 35, 45-47