Midterm Study Guide
Biology Honors
Chapter 1
Vocabulary
Theory, hypothesis, bias, peer review, variable, control, homeostasis
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Understand the process of peer review & why it is crucial
Differentiate between a hypothesis and a theory
Know the characteristics of living things
Chapter 2
Vocabulary
Nucleus, electron, molecule, solution, solute, solvent, pH scale, acid,
base, carbohydrate, lipid, nucleic acid, amino acid, protein, enzyme,
catalyst, adhesion, cohesion
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Determine the number of protons, neutrons, electrons in an atom
Use the number of protons/neutrons/electrons to determine atomic number and atomic mass
Covalent v. ionic bonds
Know the functions of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids
Explain how enzyme speeds up chemical reactions
Polarity of water
Identify reactants and products of a chemical reaction
Chapter 7
Vocabulary
Cell, cell theory, cell membrane, nucleus, eukaryote, prokaryote,
vacuole, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, Golgi body,
mitochondria, chloroplast, cell wall, selectively permeable, diffusion,
osmosis, hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic, aquaporin, differentiation
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List the 3 main points of the cell theory
Describe molecule movement during diffusion, osmosis, and equilibrium (homeostasis)
Explain the difference between active and passive transport
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Compare plant/animal cells
Compare prokaryotic/eukaryotic cells
Predict what will happen to a cell when placed in hyper/hypo/isotonic environments
Chapter 10
Vocabulary
Chromosomes, cyclin, apoptosis, cancer, tumor, centromere, (sister)
chromatid, interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis, metastasis, angiogenesis
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List the 3 phases of the cell cycle
List the stages of mitosis in order & the events of each
Explain how cytokinesis differs in plants and animals
Identify the stages of the cell cycle in pictures
Label the parts of a replicated chromosome
Explain why cancer occurs
Cancer treatment & tumor types
Chapter 11
Vocabulary
Fertilization, allele, gamete, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype,
genotype, codominance, incomplete dominance, polygenic, meiosis,
crossing-over, homologous chromosomes, karyotype, dihybrid,
haploid, diploid
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Predict the outcomes of a genetic cross using a Punnett square
o Complete dominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles (blood-type), sex-linked,
and dihybrid crosses!
List the genotypes and phenotypes of an organism
Know the genotypes for each blood type
Universal donor and recipient
Compare/contrast mitosis and meiosis
Explain why crossing over is important and during which phase it occurs
Chapter 12
Vocabulary
Bacteriophage, base-pairing, replication, DNA polymerase, DNA
helicase, ligase
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Be familiar with the work of Hershey-Chase, Griffith, Watson-Crick, and Franklin
Chargoff’s rule
Explain the stages of DNA replication
Name & label the parts of a nucleotide
Explain why hydrogen bonds are important in DNA structure
Complete a complementary strand of DNA given the original strand
Short Essay: Comparing mitosis and meiosis
Practical Segment (25 questions)
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Identify the structures on the cell models (plant & animal)
Identify the stage of mitosis on the cell models
Parts of the microscope
Eukaryotic & prokaryotic cells
Data analysis and graph interpretation (calculators provided)
Diffusion/osmosis problems