PY 101 Mock Exam Chapters 4, 12, & 13
Regan Gaskin
1. Which personality theory emphasizes the interaction between the individual and the
environment in shaping personality?
a. Psychoanalytic
b. Trait
c. Humanistic
d. Social cognitive
2. According to Freud’s theory, personality arises in response to conflicts between
a. Our unacceptable urges and our tendency to become self-actualized
b. The process of identification and the ego’s defense mechanisms
c. The collective unconscious and our individual desires
d. Our biological impulses and the social restraints against them
3. The concept of a collective unconscious is most closely associated with __________.
a. Freud
b. Rogers
c. Adler
d. Jung
4. Compared with people in communal societies people in individualist societies ________
a. Have a stronger sense of family
b. exhibit greater shyness toward strangers
c. exhibit greater concern for loyalty and social harmony
d. have a stronger sense of self
5. Research has shown that individuals who are made to feel insecure are subsequently
a. More critical of others
b. Less critical of others
c. More likely to display self-serving bias
d. Less likely to display self-serving bias
6. An example of self-serving bias described in the text is the tendency of people to ______
a. See themselves as average on nearly any desirable dimension
b. Accept more responsibility for successes than failures
c. Be overly critical of other people
7. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a(n)_______
a. Projective personality test
b. Empirically derived and objective personality test
c. Personality test developed mainly to assess job applicants
d. Personality test used primarily to assess the self-concept
8. Trait theory attempts to _________
a. Show how development of personality is a lifelong process
b. Describe and classify people in terms of their predisposition to behave in certain ways
c. Determine which traits are most conducive to individual self-actualization
d. Explain how behavior is shaped by the interaction between traits, behavior, and the
environment
9. Which of the following statements about self-esteem is not correct?
a. People with low self-esteem tend to be negative about others
b. People with high self-esteem are less prone to drug addiction
c. People with low self-esteem tend to be nonconformists
d. People with high self-esteem suffer less from insomnia
10. The phenomenon in which individuals lose their identity and relinquish normal restraints
when they are part of a group is called _______
a. Groupthink
b. Cognitive dissonance
c. Empathy
d. Deindividuation
11. Subjects in Asch’s line judgment experiment conformed to the group standard when their
judgments were observed by others but not when they were made in private. This
tendency to conform in public demonstrates ___________
a. Social facilitation
b. Over-justification
c. Information social influence
d. Normative social influence
12. Aggression is defined as behavior that ___________
a. Hurts another person
b. Is intended to hurt another person
c. Is hostile, passionate, and produces physical injury
d. Has all these characteristics
13. Which of the following is NOT true regarding cultural diversity?
a. Culture influences how we raise our children
b. Culture influences how punctual we are
c. Culture does not have a strong influence on how strictly social roles are defined
d. All cultures evolve their own norms
14. Research studies have indicated that the tendency of viewers to trivialize rape is
___________
a. Increased by exposure to pornography
b. Not changed after exposure to pornography
c. Decreased in men by exposure to pornography
d. Decreased in both men and women by exposure to pornography
15. Increasing the number of people present during an emergency tends to _________
a. Increase the likelihood that people will cooperate in rendering assistance
b. Decrease the empathy the people feel for the victim
c. Increase the role that social norms governing helping will play
d. Decrease the likelihood that anyone will help
16. The mere exposure effect demonstrates that ___________________
a. Familiarity breeds contempt
b. Opposites attract
c. Birds of a feather flock together
d. Familiarity breeds fondness
17. Which of the following is associated with an increased tendency on the part of a
bystander to offer help in an emergency?
a. Being in a good mood
b. Having recently needed help and not received it
c. Observing someone as he or she refuses to offer help
d. Being a female
18. The belief that those who suffer deserve their fate is expressed in _______
a. Just world phenomenon
b. Phenomenon of ingroup bias
c. Fundamental attribution error
d. Mirroring image perception principle
19. Which of the following phenomena is best explained by cognitive dissonance theory
a. Group polarization
b. The foot in the door phenomenon
c. Normative social influence
d. Information social influence
20. Stranger anxiety develops soon after____
a. The concept of conservation
b. Egocentrism
c. A theory of mind
d. The concept of object permanence
21. Which is the correct order of stages of prenatal development?
a. Zygote, fetus, embryo
b. Zygote, embryo, fetus
c. Embryo, zygote, fetus
d. Embryo, fetus, zygote
22. Most people’s earliest memories do not predate _______________ of age
a. 6 months
b. 1 year
c. 2 years
d. 3 years
23. Whose stage theory of moral development was based on how people reasoned about
ethical dilemmas?
a. Erikson
b. Piaget
c. Harlow
d. Kohlberg
24. To which of Kohlberg’s levels would normal reasoning based on the existence of
fundamental human rights pertain?
a. Preconventional morality
b. Conventional morality
c. Prostconventional morality
d. Generative morality
25. After their grown children have left home, most couples experience ______
a. The distress of the empty nest syndrome
b. Increased strain in their martial relationship
c. The need to have their children visit often
d. Greater happiness and enjoyment in their relationship
26. The idea that morality is rooted in moral intuition rather than moral reasoning is the basis
for ___________________’s theory
a. Kohlberg
b. Piaget
c. Haidt
d. Erickson