Study Guide Key for Latin 3 Final
Content covered:
1. Declensions and case funtions
2. Verb conjugations/equations – you should be able to parse a given verb
3. Present subjunctive forms and uses of the subjunctive (i.e. purpose clause, indirect
command, hortatory, jussive, prohibitive, and potential)
4. Future More Vivid (FMV) and Future Less Vivid (FLV) conditionals
5. Translation of Gerundives (the future passive participle) and the Passive Periphrastic
Helpful Mnemonics:
For the Subjunctive
1. shE wEArs A gIAnt tIAra
2. wE EAt cAvIAr
3. wE fEAr A gIAnt lIAr
For the Passive Periphrastic
A gerundive plus a form of ‘to be’
shows duty or necessity.
Study Guide Key for Latin 3 Final
Part I: Basic Grammar. Fill in the blank to accurately complete the sentence.
Nouns and Adjectives
1. The
1st
declension is the ‘a’ declension.
2. The accusative singular always ends in
-m
3. The dative and
plural always share the same ending.
4. The neuter
ablative
nominative
no matter its declension.
and accusative are always identical in form.
5. The nominative case functions as the
subject
of the sentence.
Verbs
1. The affix –bi– is added to verbs of the 1st and 2nd conjugation to make them
2. The affix
ba
tense.
is added to verbs of all conjugations to put them in the imperfect tense.
3. The subject of an active verb ending in –o or –m is
I (or 1st person)
4. The subject of a 2nd person singular verb is
.
5. A
future
you
.
passive
verb is one in which the subject is the receiver, not the agent, of the
indicative
mood is the mood of fact.
action.
6. The
7. The subjunctive mood is the mood of
uncertainty/doubt/potential/hypothesis
8. The verb will always agree with the
subject
.
of the sentence in number (i.e. singular or
plural)
9. A verb in the perfect tense will take its stem from the
3rd
principal part of the verb.
10. The 4th principal part of a verb is the
perfect
11. 1st conjugation –are verbs add an
to the stem to form the present subjunctive before
e
passive
participle.
adding the personal ending.
12. 2nd conjugation –ēre verbs add an
ea
to the stem to form the present subjunctive before
adding the personal ending.
13. 3rd conjugation –ere verbs add an
a
to the stem to form the present subjunctive before
adding the personal ending.
14. –io verbs (i.e. 3rd –io and 4th conjugation verbs) add
ia
to the stem to form the
present subjunctive before adding the personal ending.
15. The normal vowels used for the indicative forms of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th conjugation verbs are:
__a_ , __e__ , __i__, and __i__ respectively.
Study Guide Key for Latin 3 Final
Part II: Forms
Complete the following declension charts using the noun provided:
casa, casae f. house
Singular
Plural
Function of case
Nominative
casa
casae
subject
Genitive
casae
casarum
possession
Dative
casae
casis
indirect object
Accusative
casam
casas
direct object
Ablative
casa
casis
various uses
proelium, proelii n. battle
Singular
Plural
Function of case
Nominative
proelium
proelia
subject
Genitive
proelii
proeliorum
possession
Dative
proelio
proeliis
indirect object
Accusative
proelium
proelia
direct object
Ablative
proelio
proeliis
various uses
hostis, hostis m. enemy
Singular
Plural
Function of case
Nominative
hostis
hostes
subject
Genitive
hostis
hostium*
possession
Dative
hosti
hostibus
indirect object
Accusative
hostem
hostes
direct object
Ablative
hoste
hostibus
various uses
*i-stem (when the nominative and genitive are the same number of syllables or when there are two
consonants before the –is genitive ending)
Study Guide Key for Latin 3 Final
Conjugate the following verbs in the stated tense and mood:
1. Conjugate iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussum in the present tense active indicative.
1st
iubeo
sing
2nd
iubemus
plural
iubes
sing
3rd
1st
2nd
iubetis
plural
iubet
sing
3rd
iubent
plural
Conjugate iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussum in the present tense active subjunctive.
1st
iubeam
sing
2nd
iubeamus
plural
iubeas
sing
3rd
1st
2nd
iubeatis
plural
iubeat
sing
3rd
iubeant
plural
2. Conjugate curro, currere, cucurri, cursus in the present tense active indicative.
1st
curro
sing
2nd
currimus
plural
curris
sing
3rd
1st
2nd
curritis
plural
currit
sing
3rd
currunt
plural
Conjugate curro, currere, cucurri, cursus in the present tense active subjunctive.
1st
curram
sing
2nd
sing
curramus
plural
curras
sing
3rd
1st
2nd
curratis
plural
currat
3rd
plural
currant
Study Guide Key for Latin 3 Final
Part III: Subjunctive Grammar
Answer the following questions about the subjunctive mood in Latin and how/when it is used.
1. A positive purpose clause is introduced by ut .
2. A negative indirect command is introduced by ne
3. Ne can also begin a negative
purpose
.
clause or be
prohibitive
when paired
subordinate
independent
clauses.
subjunctive uses.
with a second person subjunctive form.
4. Purpose clauses and indirect commands are
5. Hortatory and potential subjunctives are
Word Bank:
prohibitive
ut
independent
purpose
ne
subordinate
Part IV: Translation, grammar, and comprehension
Translate the following sentences taken from our fairy tale readings and answer any questions that
follow (N.B. I may take some sentences from the Grammar Exercises that were assigned as homework,
too!).
1.
Avia perterrita in latrinam it ut se celet.
Translation:
The terrified grandmother goes into the bathroom (in order) to hide (herself).
a) What type of clause does ut introduce?
b) What mood is the verb celet? Circle one:
purpose
Indicative
Imperative
Subjunctive
2. Salve, lignator, visne mihi ramos vendere, ut casam mihi construam?
Translation:
Hello, woodcutter, would you sell me sticks, in order that I may build my house?
a) What type of clause does ut introduce?
purpose
b) What tense is the verb construam?
present
Study Guide Key for Latin 3 Final
3. Porcelle, Porcelle, concede mihi ut in casam ineam!
Translation:
Little pig, little pig, let me (lit. allow me to) come in the house!
a) What type of clause does ut introduce?
indirect command
b) What tense and mood is the verb ineam? subjunctive
4. Porcellus Tertius ad vineam prior advenit, ne ab lupo capiatur.
Translation:
The third little pig arrives at the vineyard first, to not be captured by the wolf.
a) What type of clause does ne introduce?
b) What voice is the verb capiatur?
c) mood of capiatur?
5.
purpose
passive
subjunctive
Placetne tibi, domina, ut mecum saltes?
Translation:
Please, miss, dance with me?
a) What type of clause does ut introduce?
indirect command
b) What tense, mood, and voice is the verb saltes?
present, subjunctive, active
6. Ludibrio nobis ne sis, Cinerellula!
Translation:
Don’t be a laughing stock for us, Cinderella!
a) What case is ludibrio and what is it’s function?
dative of purpose
b) What case is nobis and what is it’s function?
dative of reference
c) What type of construction does ne begin? Is it positive or negative? prohibitive/negative
7. Agite, fiiae meae, nos paremus ad epulas!
Translation:
Come, my daughters, let’s get ready (lit. let’s prepare ourselves) for the ball!
a) What mood is the verb agite? Circle one: Indicative
b) Which use of the subjunctive is paremus?
Imperative
hortatory
Subjunctive
Study Guide Key for Latin 3 Final
8. Nunc praemium mille denariorum mihi postulandum est.
Translation:
Now a reward of a thousand dollars must be paid to me.
a) Which noun does the gerundive of the passive periphrastic, postulandum est, modify?
praemium
b) What case and number is denariorum?
genitive plural
c) What case is mihi and what is its function?
dative, indirect object
9. Gallina rufa vero ad Salios ad epulas sumptuosas edendas it.
Translation:
But the red hen goes to the priests to eat the sumptuous feast.
a) Name the function of the phrase ad epulas sumptuosas edendas (i.e. what does it express?)
purpose (ad + gerundive)
b) Identify the gerundive and the noun it modifes.
edendas modifies epulas
10. Regina tamen tenuissima valitudine erat; mortua est.
Translation:
But the queen was of very weak health; she died.
a) What case is Regina and what is its function?
nominative subject
b) What case is the phrase tenuissima valitudine and how is that case functioning here?
ablative of description
11. Si septem nani nobiscum habitent, vitam beatam agamus.
Translation:
If the seven dwarves should live with us, we would live a fortunate life.
a) What type of conditional is this? Circle one:
Future More / Less Vivid
b) Does it express certainty or doubt about the future?
doubt
Part V: Roman Culture and History/Legend
Study your notes over the Early Roman Republic and be prepared to answer questions concerning
Roman culture and major events for this time period.