Matter Test Review
Name _________KEY_______________________
1. Fill out the following table comparing elements, compounds, and mixtures.
Elements
Compounds
Define
A substance that cannot be
Two or more elements
broken down into a simpler
combined CHEMICALLY
substance
Represented Chemical symbol
by
3 examples
Hydrogen- H
Oxygen- O
Carbon- C
Chlorine- Cl
Sodium- Na
Iron- Fe
Mixtures
Substances simply
physically mixed together
Chemical formula
No symbol or formula
Water- H2O
Sodium Chloride- NaCl
Iron Oxide- FeO
Baking Soda- NaHCO3
Sugar- C12H22O11
Salad
Saltwater
Pizza
Mountain dew
cereal
2. Draw the basic structure of an atom and label the proton, neutron, nucleus, electron cloud, and electron. Be
sure to include the charge of each particle.
3. Describe the relative mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Protons and neutrons are both large (1 amu) and make up nearly 100% of the mass of an atom. Electrons are
extremely small and have VERY little mass.
4. Draw a Na+2 ion.
11P
12N
5. What makes an ion have a charge?
+ charge= atom has lost electrons
- Charge= atom has gained electrons
11 protons (+), 9 electrons (-)= +2 charge
6. What does it mean if an atom is neutral?
It has the same number of protons (+) and electrons (-) and the charges cancel each other out.
7. DRAW and compare Hydrogen-1, Hydrogen-2, and Hydrogen-3 isotopes.
H-1
H-2
H-3
1 proton
0 neutrons
1 electron
1 proton
1 neutron
1 electron
1 proton
2 neutrons
1 electron
(total mass= 1 amu)
(total mass= 2 amu)
(total mass= 3 amu)
8. What makes an atom an isotope of an element?
It has a different number of neutrons as listed on the periodic table (different mass)
9. List the 5 states of matter in order from greatest to least energy and give 2 properties of each.
a. Greatest energy= plasma, so much energy that photons (light) is emitted.
b. Gas- no fixed shape or volume/ particles bounce off each other and walls of the container/ particles
move independently.
c. Liquid- fixed volume, but take the shape of the container. Particles have enough energy to overcome
some of the attraction between them and they flow past each other.
d. Solid- fixed shape and volume. Particles vibrate in place and have a great attraction for each otherkeeps them locked in place.
e. Least energy= Bose-Einstein- particles have so little energy that they coalesce and appear as one. Only
occurs in laboratories at temperatures VERY close to absolute zero.
10. What does the Kinetic Molecular Theory say?
All particles move! The more kinetic energy the particles have, the higher their temperature.
11. For gases…
a. When the pressure of a gas increases, its temperature ___increases_____.
b. When the temperature of a gas increases, its volume __increases__.
c. When the volume of a gas increases, its pressure ___decreases____.
12. Describe what happens when energy is removed from a substance.
When energy is removed from a substance, its particles slow down. When particles of a gas slow down, the gas
can condensate into a liquid. When particles of a liquid slow down (lose thermal energy), they freeze into a
solid.
13. Describe what happens when energy is added to a substance.
When energy is added to a substance, its particles speed up. When particles of a solid speed up, they melt into
a liquid. When you keep adding energy, the liquid can vaporize into a gas.