Name _______________________________
Midterm Study Guide-Test __________
Complete and know the following terms:
Rocks/Minerals:
Mineral
Coarse grained- the grains in a rock are large and easy to see.
Igneous rock
Metamorphic rock
Rock cycle
Organic rock
Fossils:
Trace fossil
Fossil-trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock
Erosion/Deposition:
Erosion
Deposition
Mass movement
Beach-wave-washed sediment along a coast; formed from deposition of waves
Mudflow- the rapid downhill movement of a mixture of water, rock, and soil.
Plate Tectonics:
Lithosphere-rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust
Subduction-oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent
plate boundary
Plate tectonics- the theory that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by
convection currents in the mantle
Crust-the thinnest layer of rock that forms at Earth’s outer surface
Transform boundary- a plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions
Sea floor spreading- the process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor
Strike slip fault-rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up-or-down motion
Earthquakes:
Richter scale
Seismograph
Tsunami
Weathering:
Weathering-chemical and physical processes that break down rock at Earth’s surface
Oxidation
Chemical weathering
Mechanical weathering
Soil and Soil Conservation:
Humus
Decomposers
B horizon
Soil conservation-the management of soil to prevent its destruction
Conservation plowing-soil conservation method in which the dead stalks from the previous year’s crop
are left in the ground to hold the soil in place and keep moisture
Complete and know the following information:
Rocks/Minerals:
Hardest mineral
Softest mineral
How rocks and minerals are related
What crust is made of
Heat to form metamorphic rock comes from
Most useful metamorphic rocks
Process to create sedimentary rock
Fossils:
What part of organism is preserved as fossils
What fossil record shows
Age of layers of rock (Law of superposition)
Plate Tectonics:
Order of layers of Earth
How scientists study interior of earth
How temperature changes as you go from crust to core
How density changes as you go from crust to core
Process of convection currents
Why continental drift theory was rejected
Why plates move
Landforms found at a convergent boundary
Where Earth’s magnetic field comes from
Where mid ocean ridges are found
Subduction creates which rock
Volcanoes:
Where volcanoes are found
Where magma comes from
Formation of Hawaiian Islands
Weathering:
Examples of mechanical weathering
When wind deposits sediment
Why/How limestone is easily eroded
Soil and Soil Conservation:
How soil forms
Why soil is valuable
How erosion will affect bare land
How to slow down erosion of soil on flat land