Unit 2 Review guide
-Questions and material to study
Topics Covered: Layers of the Earth, Rock Cycle, Plate Tectonics, Geological History,
Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Erosion, Weathering, Soil formation & Geohazards
Omit what is highlighted in blue
Layers of the Earth:
1. Review vocabulary, notes & Foldable
2. What are the four layers of the Earth and where are they located?
3. Which type of crust is denser?
4. Which type of crust is newer?
5. Oceanic crust is made of?
6. Continental crust is made of?
7. What is the lithosphere?
8. What is the asthenosphere?
9. Put the following in order of diameter smallest to largest. (Mantle, Crust, Inner Core,
Outer core)
10. How do we know what the Earth is made of?
11. Define: Crust, Mantle, Core, Lithosphere, asthenosphere, heat, pressure, Continental
crust, oceanic crust.
Rock Cycle:
12. Review, vocabulary, notes and Lab
13. What are the three types of rocks?
14. Does the rock cycle always complete a full cycle? If not, why?
15. Be able to label a rock cycle diagram
16. Explain why the term recycling is an excellent description of rock cycle.
17. Define: Rock cycle, rock, igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary, sediments, heat,
pressure, erosion, weathering
Plate tectonics:
18. Review, vocabulary, notes & Handouts
19. What are the three major plate boundaries?
20. Draw the three major plate boundaries.
21. Explain sea floor spreading in detail
22. For each example, tell the type of plate boundary that created it.
a. Mid-ocean ridge
b. Rift Valley
c. Volcanic Islands
d. Deep-sea trench
e. Major earthquake
f. Volcanic mountains
g. Mountains
23. How many major tectonic plates are on Earth?
24. What drive the moving of plate tectonics in the lithosphere?
25. Explain in detail how plates are moved by mantle convection.
26. Define: Plate tectonics, plate boundaries, plates, crust, Pangaea, convection,
currents, convergent, divergent, transform, subduction, trench, Pacific Ring of Fire
Earthquakes:
1. Review vocabulary, notes & handout
Unit 2 Review guide
2. What type of plate boundary produces most earthquakes?
3. What are earthquakes caused by?
4. Does a shallow earthquake or deep earthquake produce more damage?
5. Which type of wave produces a compression motion?
6. Which type of wave produces a sideways motion?
7. Which wave travels faster?
8. Which wave causes the most destruction?
9. What is the difference between the Mercalli scale and the Richter scale?
10. Be able to read a seismograph printout. Where is the p-wave and s-wave located.
11. Be able to locate an epicenter using time & a compass.
12. Define the following terms: Earthquake, Stick-slip motion, normal fault, reverse
(thrust) fault, strike-slip fault, landslides, liquefaction, p-wave, s-wave, surface wave,
Mercalli scale, Richter scale, focus, epicenter, seismic waves, magnitude,
seismograph,
Geological History:
13. Review handouts, notes, webquest
14. What is the Geological Time Scale?
15. Write in order from largest to smallest. Period, Eon, Epoch, Era
16. Write the 3 Eras and 1 Eon in order from oldest to newest.
17. Which Era do we live in?
18. Which Era contains the most dinosaurs?
19. Which Ear is the “Age of the Mammals”?
20. The Pre-Cambrian Eon contained about _____ % of earth’s history.
21. Who is James Hutton and what did he do?
22. Define Uniformitarianism.
23. List the 2 major ways to do relative dating.
24. What is the Law of Superposition?
25. What is the Cross-Cutting principle?
26. Fossils are found in what rock type?
27. Explain radioactive dating
28. Define: Geological Time Scale, Uniformitarianism, Superposition, Fossils, Mold,
Cast, Radioactivity, Isotope, Half-Life
Volcanoes:
29. Review vocabulary, notes & Movie sheet
30. At what type of plate boundary is a volcano made?
31. What is the difference between magma and lava?
32. What is the difference between a shield volcano and a stratovolcano?
33. Dante’s peak is a _______ volcano.
34. The Hawaiian Islands are a _________ volcanoes.
35. Define the following volcanic terms: Active volcano, ash, ashfall, composite
volcano, lava, lava flow, magma, pyroclastic, tuff
Soil formation:
36. Review vocabulary, webquest & lab
37. How is soil made?
38. What four things does soil consists of?
39. What is a soil horizon?
Unit 2 Review guide
40. In the Jam-Jar experiment, explain how layers formed for the different components
of soil.
41. Be able to made a pie chart .
42. In soil horizons, which layers are the oldest? (top or bottom)
43. Define the following soil terms: Soil, Soil Horizon, Weathering, Chemical Weathering,
Erosion, Regolith, Humus
Geohazards:
44. Review vocabulary, webquest
45. What is a geohazards?
46. What are the six types of geohazards?
47. How can you protect yourself from geohazards?