Контрольная работа № 1
по дисциплине «Профессиональная подготовка на английском языке»
Модуль «Geoecology»
Задание 1. Подберите подходящий перевод
биодоступность
микроэлементы
водоносный горизонт
опасный
состав
сжигание
потребление
aquifer
consumption
combustion
bioavailability
hazardous
trace elements
composition
Задание 2. Вставьте пропущенные слова
Ecosystems
pollutants
mining
sun
reaction
soil
plants
sphere
influence
rate
1) _______________ are functional environmental units, having balanced
cycles of chemical elements, organic materials and energy flow.
2) The energy for life is derived from the radiant energy of the ______,
which drives the chemical ____________ of photosynthesis.
3) Most of the chemical elements for life on the land are supplied mainly
from the __________ overlying the surficial lithosphere.
4) Most of trace elements that are essential to humans are also essential to
_________.
5) The anthroposphere does not represent a separate ___________, but may
be applied to any part of the biosphere that has been changed under an
____________ of technical civilization.
6) Among all chemical ____________, trace elements are of a special
ecological, biological and health significance.
7) Bowen has suggested that when the rate of ____________ of a given
element exceeds the natural ________ of its cycling by a factor of ten or
more, the element should be considered a potential pollutant.
Задание 3. Расположите отрывки из текста в правильном порядке.
Fortunately, the largest demands for water quantity, such as for agricultural
irrigation and industrial cooling, require the least in terms of water quality (i.e.
critical concentrations may only be set for one or two variables).
With the advent of industrialization and increasing populations, the range of
requirements for water has increased together with greater demands for higher
quality water. Over time, water requirements have emerged for drinking and
personal hygiene, fisheries, agriculture (irrigation and livestock supply), navigation
for transport of goods, industrial production, cooling in fossil fuel (and later also in
nuclear) power plants, hydropower generation, and recreational activities such as
bathing or fishing.
Drinking water supplies and specialized industrial manufacturers exert the
most sophisticated demands on water quality but their quantitative needs are
relatively moderate. In parallel with these uses, water has been considered, since
ancient times, the most suitable medium to clean, disperse, transport and dispose of
wastes (domestic and industrial wastes, mine drainage waters, irrigation returns,
etc.).
Задание 4. Подберите терминам соответствующее определение.
the biosphere
essential elements
non-essential elements
anthroposphere
pollutants
substances which can be released into
the environment as gases, dissolved
substances or in the particulate form
the sphere of man’s settlement and
activity
natural
environment
of
living
organisms and is the complex
biological epidermis of the Earth
whose dimensions are not precisely
defined
elements, which have a biological role,
often as cofactors or part of cofactor in
enzymes and as structural elements in
proteins
Elements, which seem to be involved
in vital processes but their biochemical
functions are not yet understood
Задание 5. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
Mining and the Environment
Mining companies give us the metals and minerals that humanity uses for
shelter, survival, work and pleasure, as well as the expansion into space and
interplanetary endeavors. At the same time, they want to conduct this business in
an environmentally responsible manner. Yet mining by its very nature requires that
land, air and water systems be disturbed. While the economic benefits of the
industry are as important today as they ever were, the public has become
increasingly concerned about the impact that mining is having on the natural
environment. The metals and industrial minerals that mining produces can find
their way into the environment and become pollutants. The byproducts that occur
with the metals, such as sulphur and arsenic, can be dangerous to the environment
if they are released. The fuels and chemicals the industry uses to do its job are
potential pollutants too. Mining creates and employs hazardous substances that
must be handled with a lot of care. Other pollutants produced by the mining
industry are of more concern to the workers in the industry than to the public
which are at large. Dusts, for example, which are most of the time hazardous
hygienically, are produced by a lot of mining activities. Noise, too, is a form of
pollution of concern for those in the environment of work. In uranium mines, the
products of radioactive decay are a principal concern. The challenge for industries
is to find, extract and process mineral resources with the least possible
environmental disruption. To be able to meet this challenge, they adopt an
expanded range of protective measures, including: sensitive treatment of the land
during exploration; environmental and aesthetic management of land under
development; environmentally sustainable production procedures during the
mining and metallurgical processes; and decommissioning and reclamation
practices aimed at restoring the land. Accountability and environmental
performance are important issues for the mining companies, their share-holders
and the public. Most companies now include a discussion of environmental topics
in their yearly reports so as to keep shareholders and the public informed about the
measures they are taking to protect the land, water and air quality at their
operations.
Source: http://www.miningandmetallurgy.com/mining/mining-and-environment#sthash.6fYDGxlg.dpuf
1. What are the components, which occur together with the metal producing?
_______________________________________________________________
2. This matter, which is produced by a lot of mining activities, is very hazardous
for people: _______________________________________________________
3. What is the danger of uranium mines? _______________________________
4. For the extraction and processing of mineral resources, companies should adopt
special actions for environmental protection? Which are called
_______________________________.