Jones Senior High School
Life Science – (Uses Biology SCOS Objectives)
2011-2012Pacing Guide (Block)
Unit
Introduction to
Biological
Inquiry
Cell Structure
and Function
Day 21
Biochemistry
Days
Goal/
Objective
5 Days
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
15 Days
Major Topics/Concepts
Scientific process and experimental design; Lab safety
and equipment; Metric system. Other portions of
these objectives and goals are imbedded in other
objectives throughout the course.
Cellular structure vs. function; Structure and function
of organelles: nucleus, plasma membrane, cell wall,
mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and ribosomes;
light microscopy techniques; proper use and
calculations for microscope magnification; Cell
organization hierarchy (Cells tissuesorgans
organ systems); Plant vs. Animal cells; Role of
chemicals in cellular communication; Role of receptor
proteins; Hormones; Regulation of temperature, pH,
blood glucose levels and water balance; Active vs.
Passive transport; Diffusion; Osmosis; Semipermeability of plasma membrane; Impact of osmotic
pressure; ATP; Storage and use of energy with ATP
and ADP molecules
2.02
2.03
1st benchmark assessment
Role and subunits of 4 macromolecules; Identification
and importance of organic molecules; Investigate
starch, cellulose, insulin, glycogen, glucose, enzymes,
hemoglobin, fats, DNA and RNA; Techniques for
identification: iodine, brown paper, Benedict’s solution,
Biuret’s solution; Distinguish among mono, di, and
2.01
7 Days
poly saccharides; Enzymes as catalysts, re-usable and
2.04
specific; Impact of pH and temperature on enzymes;
Importance of enzymes for biochemical reactions such
as digestion, photosynthesis and respiration; How
enzymes work
*U tube videos
*snake bite enzymes
Bioenergetic
Reactions
T
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5 Days
Understand the role of the reactants and products in
the chemical equations for photosynthesis, aerobic and
anaerobic respiration; Factors that affect rate of
photosynthesis and cellular respiration; Compare and
contrast the efficiency of ATP formation, types of
organisms using the processes, and the organelles
involved in each process (include lactic acid and
alcoholic fermentation); Compare aerobic and
anaerobic organisms
2.05
1
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Unit
Review of cell
parts and
biochemistry
Plant
Comparative
Anatomy and
Physiology
Days
Goal/
Objective
Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes, photosynthesis and cellular
respiration locations and which cell parts are made of
which biomolecules.
Compare and contrast how plants accomplish the
essential life functions focusing on physiology rather
than on the names of parts.
 Transport—howplants get what they need to cells
 Excretion—balancefluids (pH, salt concentration,
water).
 Regulation—hormones
 Respiration—howplants exchange gases.
 Nutrition—howplants absorb nutrients.
 Synthesis—howorganisms build necessary
molecules.
 Reproduction—sexual vs. asexual, seeds, spores
 Growth and development—growthfrom seed or
spore.
Structural adaptations of non-vascular, vascular,
gymnosperms and angiosperms- form to function;
Co-evolution: Emphasize the relationship between
angiosperms and their pollinators
2nd benchmark assessment
Changing nature of classification based on new
knowledge generated by research on evolutionary
relationships; History of classification system including
the development of the seven level classification
system (KPCOFGS) and binomial nomenclature; Basis
of classification system: evolutionary phylogeny, DNA
and biochemical analysis, embryology, morphology;
Review basic differences and similarities between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic; Use dichotomous keys to
identify organisms;
For the eukaryotic kingdoms compare: Cellular
structures, Unicellular vs. Multicellular, Methods of
making/getting food and breaking down food to get
energy, and Reproduction; Focus on structural
adaptations; Essential life functions of unicellular
protists;
Structure of viruses, mutation of viruses and other
microorganisms, and a variety of disease causing
agents (viruses, bacteria) including:
 HIV
 Influenza
 Smallpox
 Streptococcus
1 day
10 Days
4.02
4.03
10 Days
4.01
4.02
(Protists)
4.03
15 Days
4.02
4.03
Day 60
Classification,
Taxonomy and
Microorganisms
Animal
Comparative
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Major Topics/Concepts
Compare and contrast how animals (annelids, insects,
amphibians & mammals) accomplish the essential life
2
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Unit
Days
Anatomy and
Physiology and
Adaptive
Behaviors
Origin of Life and
Evolution
Ecology
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Goal/
Objective
4.04
10 Days
3.05 a, b
and c
15 Days
5.01
5.02
5.03
3
Major Topics/Concepts
functions focusing on physiology rather than on the
names of parts.
 Transport—howanimals get what they need to cells
and move wastes to organs of excretion
 Excretion—howthey get rid of wastes; balance fluids
(pH, salt concentration, water).
 Regulation—hormones, nervous system
 Respiration—getoxygen from environment and
release carbon dioxide
 Nutrition—howthey break down and absorb foods
 Synthesis—howthey build necessary molecules.
 Reproduction—sexual vs. asexual, eggs, placental,
types of fertilization
 Growth and development—metamorphosis,
development in egg or in uterus
Structural adaptations for feeding and mating—formto
function;
Behaviors:
 Innate behavior—Taxesand instincts, including:
scratching behavior of dog (instinct), insects
moving away from or toward light (taxis),
migration, estivation, hibernation
 Learned behavior—Imprinting, conditioning,
and trial and error.
 Social behavior—Communication, territorial
defense, and courtship, including:
communication within social structure using
pheromones (ex: bees and ants), courtship
dances, and territorial defense (ex: Fighting
Fish)
Development of the theory of evolution by natural
selection; Biogenesis vs. Abiogenesis and supporting
experiments; Origin and history of life including
atmosphere hypotheses and experiments; Early
conditions impact on development of organisms
(anaerobic and prokaryotic); Evolution of eukaryotic
and aerobic organisms; Fossil evidence (relative and
absolute dating methods); Patterns in the fossil record
and resulting inferences.
Symbiotic relationships; Predator/prey relationships
and patterns; Field ecology techniques; Abiotic vs.
Biotic factors; Limiting factors influence on carrying
capacity; Interpret population growth graphs;
Relationship of carbon cycle to photosynthesis and
respiration; Analyze direction and efficiency of energy
transfer within food chains, food webs and energy
pyramids; Factors influencing birth and death rates;
Environmental impacts from human population size,
density, and resource use to include acid rain, habitat
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Unit
Days
Goal/
Objective
Major Topics/Concepts
destruction, and non-native species; Climatic changes
due to greenhouse effect and natural processes such
as volcanoes; Direct and indirect human impact on
natural resources (deforestation, pesticide use and
bioaccumulation research); Examples of sustainable
practices and stewardship

Emphasis on Populations
2nd assessment
DNA vs. RNA structure; Complementary base pairing;
DNA nucleotide sequence codes for proteins; DNA
replication’s role in ensuring exact copy of parental
DNA; Semi-conservative nature of replication; Mutation
as a change in DNA; Replication in the cell cycle;
Importance of weak hydrogen bonds; Role of
transcription in protein synthesis; Role of mRNA, tRNA
and rRNA; Role of translation; Amino acids, peptide
bonding and polypeptides; Use codon chart to
determine amino acid coded by sequence of bases;
Cells within an organism have same DNA but vary due
to expression of genes; Cell differentiation in
multicellular organisms; Cells respond to environment
by producing different types and amounts of protein;
Advantages and disadvantages of overproduction or
underproduction of proteins; Relevance of human
genome project including gene therapy; Gel
electrophoresis; DNA fingerprinting; Applications of
transgenic organisms in agriculture and industry
including pharmaceutical; Implications and ethics of
genomics and biotechnology including stem cell
research andgenetically modified organisms
Day 60
Molecular
Genetics and
Biotechnology
Immune System
Function
8 Days
2 days
3.01
3.04
Internal and external factors in health and disease:
role of genetics and the environment in determining a
specific response to disease, including sickle cell and
malaria, PKU and diet, lung/mouth cancer and tobacco
use, diabetes; Immune response including a basic
understanding of: function and relationship of T-cells,
B-cells, antibodies/antigens, passive and active
immunity and vaccines; Emphasize aspects of nutrition
that contribute to optimal health and poor nutrition;
Focus on the life cycle, vector, symptoms, and
treatments for the Malarial parasite (Plasmodium);
Environmental toxins such as Tobacco and UV
radiation
4.05
Final exam
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