Biology-1
Final Exam Study Guide
Fall 2015
Unit I

What is the hierarchy of Life?

Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells

Plant vs. animal cells

What is a hypothesis?

What are the steps of the scientific method?

What is the structure of an atom?
o
So know the location and charge of protons, neutrons, electrons.

What are the four biological macromolecules and what they are composed of?

Know the function of the following organelles .
o
Nucleus
o
Plasma membrane
o
Endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth and rough)
o
Ribosomes
o
Golgi
o
Lysosome
o
Mitochondria
o
chloroplast
Unit II

What does semi-permeable mean as it relates to the plasma membrane of
cells?

What is active transport? Passive tansport?
o
Require energy?
o
Down or against gradient?
o
Define concentration gradient.

What type of macromolecule is an enzyme?

What is the function of an enzyme?
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Biology-1

Final Exam Study Guide
Fall 2015
Be able to define cellular respiration. What is the purpose of this cellular
respiration?
o

What are the three stages of cellular respiration?
What is photosynthesis? What types of organisms do photosynthesis? What
organelle must be present in a cell to carry out photosynthesis?

How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis connected?
Unit III

What is DNA? What is the function of DNA? What is the structure of DNA?
How are the following related to DNA?
o
Antiparallel?
o
Polynucleotide strands
o
Hydrogen bonds
o
complementary

What is a somatic cell vs. a sex cell?

What is diploid?

What is the human diploid and haploid number?

What is the order of phases in the cell cycle?

What are differences between mitosis and meiosis?

What are alleles? Dominant allele? Recessive allele?

What is a genetic cross?

What are the first and second law of inheritance? You need to be able to
Haploid?
explain these laws.

Sex chromosomes vs. autosomes

What is the purpose of DNA replication and what specific part of the cell
cycle does this occur in?

What is a gene?

What is gene expression?

What is gene regulation?

One gene-one polypeptide theory
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Biology-1

Final Exam Study Guide
Fall 2015
How is the genetic code written in the DNA? What is the genetic code?
Unit IV

In terms of structure and organization, how is the genetic material different in
prokaryotic versus a eukaryotic cell?

What molecules do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells use to regulate gene
expression?

What are the seven levels of regulation for eukaryotic gene expression?

What is cloning?

What is the genetic basis of cancer?

What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

What are the five evolutionary agents?

What is natural selection?

What is the biological species concept?
o
How does this related to speciation?

What is population ecology?

What is a survivorship curve? What are the three types of curves? Be able to
give an example of an animal that fits into each curve.

what are the characteristics of r-selected and K-selected organisms?
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