Vocabulary
Chemistry
Atom
Nucleus
Electrons
Protons
Neutrons
pH Scale
Theory
Hypothesis
Water (H2O)
Macromolecule
Polymer
Monomer
Monosaccharide
Polysaccharide
Lipid Layer
Phospholipids
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Amino Acids
Peptide Bonds
Glycosidic Bonds
Genome
Gene
Chromosomes
Nitrogen Bases
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Adenine
Traits
Sister Chromatids
Centromere
Nucleosome
Biology
Carbohydrates
Lysosome
Golgi Apparatus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosome
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Cytoplasm
Extracellular Fluid
Vacuole
Plasma Membrane
Nucleus
Lysosome
Cell Wall
Osmosis
Diffusion
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Isotonic
Active Transport
Facilitated Diffusion
DNA Polymerase III
Helicase
Parent Strand
New Strand
RNA Polymerase
Transcription
Ribonucleic Acid
Uracil
mRNA
Enzymes
Active Site
Substrate
Reactants
Products
Reaction Arrow
Activation Energy
Energy
Lipase
Protease
Amylase
Benedict Solution
Biuret Solution
Cellular Respiration
Metabolism
Glycolysis
Stomach Enzymes
Heart and Blood
Glucose
Kreb Cycle
NADH
FADH2
Cellular Currency
Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Oxidative Phosphorylation
ATP Synthase
Hydrogen Gradient
Protein Complex
Codon
Codon Chart
Genetic Engineering
Methionine
Stop Codon
Start Codon
Photosynthesis
Calvin Cycle
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
Sunlight
Adenosine Triphosphate
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Light-Dependent Reaction
Light-Independent Reaction
Photosystem I and II
Virus
Bacteria
Flagella
Nucleiod
Capsid
Viral DNA
Viral RNA
Ebola Virus
Autotrophs
Producers
Heterotrophs
Host Cell
Translation
Mutations
Missense Mutation
Nonsense Mutation
Insertion
Deletion
DNA Fingerprinting
Mitosis
Meiosis
Sperm Cell
Egg Cell
Haploid
Diploid
Basic Concept Questions
1. List all 4 macromolecules. List both their polymers and monomers correctly in a table.
2. List all of the cell organelles and their functions.
3. Understand the chemical equations for both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. How are these two
chemical reactions similar?
4. List the reactants needed for cellular respiration. List the reactants needed for photosynthesis. List the
products produced in cellular respiration. List the products produced in photosynthesis.
5. Write down all of the cell organelles that we covered in class. List their functions and draw a picture of what
they look like in the cell.
6. How are autotrophs different from heterotrophs? List 3 differences and 3 similarities.
7. Write a step-by-step chart (sequencing chart) that outlines the process of metabolism in the body.
8. Write a step-by-step chart (sequencing chart) that outlines the process of cellular respiration (glycolysis,
Kreb Cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation)
9. Write a step-by-step sequencing chart of the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
10. Explain how anaerobic and aerobic respiration work together to create energy for a living organism.
11. Define diffusion and identify 4 different ways diffusion has appeared in our studies.
12. Write a step-by-step chart (sequencing chart) that outlines the process of DNA replication, transcription, and
translation. Use as many vocabulary words from the vocabulary list as possible.
13. Transcribe and translate the following DNA genes.
a. TACTTAGCTTACGTA
b. TACCCCATTTTAGCT
c. TACGTGGGGGCCATT
d. TACGTCCCCATAAAA
e. TACATATTTACCAGT
14. A male with red eyes (Rr) is crossed with a black-eyed female (rr). What is the probability that the offspring
will have black eyes?
15. Rank the following vocabulary words from smallest to largest: gene, chromosome, genome, nitrogen base.
16. In a Venn Diagram, compare and contrast DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation.
17. Amino acids are the monomers of which macromolecule? How many essential amino acids exist?
18. Compare and contrast the following enzymes: Lipase, Helicase, RNA Polymerase, Bromelase, DNA
Polymerase III, and ATP Synthase.
19. State the purpose of the light-dependent and light-independent reactions. How do these reactions power all
of life on the planet?
20. How are all of our genes wrapped up into chromosomes? How many chromosomes are in a human cell? A
sperm cell? An egg cell?
Bigger Picture Questions
1. Energy plays a large part in why living organisms survive. Using 4 different examples from separate
units, explain why energy is essential for life.
2. Bacteria, viruses, humans, and plants are all living organisms. Based on our studies, come up with 5
broad similiarities between these different organisms that suggest that they are living.
3. All matter in the universe is made of very small things that work together to make up larger organisms.
Starting from the smallest “thing” we learned, explain how these “things” allow us to survive.
4. All living organisms are living in with other living organisms in a balance of survival. Explain how
humans, bacteria, plants, and viruses live in balance with each other.
5. Biology is only one subject in the entire study of the human experience. Relate biology to social studies,
English, World History, Physical Education, and any other subject you experience in school.
6. Nucleic acids are essential for life on this planet. Explain how DNA and RNA are needed to drive life.
Experimental Science Questions
1. Explain the difference between a control group and an experimental group.
2. Explain the difference between a hypothesis and a theory in science.
3. Draw a beaker, flask, graduated cylinder, tongs, Bunsen Burner, Hot Plate, and other experimental tools
we used.
4. From the data given below in the DNA fingerprinting gel, determine which suspect possibly stained
blood at the crime scene.
5. Explain how restriction enzymes work to create the bands you see
on the DNA Fingerprinting gel.
6. Explain how enzymes are related to activation energy.