1. Which of the following proteins can be used to synthesize ribosomal RNA in
eukaryotes? Circle all that apply.
a). RNA polymerase I
b). RNA polymerase II
c). RNA polymerase III
d). none of the above
2. ____________________________ RNA is usually about 100 nucleotides in length, and
functions in the nucleus. It can act as an enzyme catalyst and has been found to have
a lot of the __________________ nucleotide present.
3. Draw a prokaryotic mRNA gene and promoter regions and mRNA transcript formed
according to the following specifications: the gene should be 10 nucleotides
downstream of the second conserved sequence and 10 nucleotides in length. Label
the coding and template strands on the gene.
4. Which RNA polymerase has the ability to transcribe all genes found in a eukaryotic
cell?
5. ______________________ is the termination sequence present on a gene for prokaryotic
mRNA. This is the (same, different) as the termination sequence present on a gene
coding for eukaryotic mRNA.
6. True or False: All RNA transcripts in eukaryotes undergo post-transcriptional
modifications.
7. _____________________ is the sequence of nucelotides present on the template strand of
the gene for eukaryotic mRNA that signals UsnRNP to remove the over-transcript
produced. This sequence is about ________ nucelotides upstream of the end of the
gene.
8. Give two functions of a spliceosome.
9. True or False: All mature eukaryotic mRNA transcripts have a G-cap and a poly-A
tail.
10. List the two conserved sequences found in the promoter region of the gene for
eukaryotic mRNA and describe their locations in relation to each other and the gene.
11. Eukaryotes have _______ S ribosomes, while prokaryotes have _______ S ribosomes.
The eukaryotic ribosome is made of a large subunit that is ______ S and a small
subunit that is _______ S. (True or False): The large subunit is made exclusively of
large ribosomal RNA.
12. Draw and label a “Christmas tree.” What gene transcripts are being produced and in
what ratio? What is the significance of the regions in between each Christmas tree?
13. Eukaryotic ribosomal subunits are assembled in the _______________________ region of
the ______________________. Each subunit is made up of some combination of 4 _________
molecules and about ________ proteins. _________________ ribosomal RNA is synthesized
in the __________________ region of the nucleolus, while _______________ ribosomal RNA is
synthesized in the _________________. The proteins that are incorporated into the
structure of a ribosome are synthesized in the _____________________. Once these parts
are all assembled into ribosomal subunits, they are exported to the ___________________.
14. Which of the following gene types have both a promoter and associated “promoterlike” regions? Circle all that apply.
a). 5S rRNA
b). large rRNA
c). eukaryotic mRNA
d). tRNA
e). prokaryotic mRNA
15. A typical 5S rRNA gene is about ________ nucleotides in length and is transcribed
using RNA polymerase _______. Its promoter region is present (upstream, inside,
downstream) of the gene and is also known as the _______________________________. RNA
polymerase is attracted to the gene after the binding of _________________ to the
promoter region of this gene. The same molecule combines with the 5S rRNA
transcript to form a _________________ molecule that will be transported to the
______________________ region of the nucleolus.
16. A eukaryotic mRNA transcript has a G-cap, a 40 nucelotide 5’ noncoding region, a 50
nucleotide 3’ noncoding region, a 100 nucelotide poly-A tail, 3 exons that are 20
nucelotides each in length, and 2 introns that are 10 nucleotides each in length.
What is the length of the mature mRNA that is transported to the cytoplasm and the
length of the mRNA that will be translated?
17. What is the name of the enzyme that will attach an amino acid to a molecule of
tRNA? What are the two reactions that take place at its binding sites?
18. The three nucleotides always present at the 3’ end of a molecule of tRNA are
_______________. The ______________ loop also contains three nucleotides called the
________________________, that are complementary to the codon on a molecule of mRNA.
19. ______________________ factors help to begin the process of protein synthesis in a
eukaryotic ribosome. ___________ aligns the first codon, __________, in its proper
position. _________ and _________ act as escorts for the first tRNA molecule bringing in
the first amino acid, _______________________. __________ can be phosphorylated to block
the process of protein synthesis.
20. True or False: The full 80S ribosome is assembled prior to the introduction of an
mRNA molecule.
21. List and describe the function of the four proteins used during the elongation phase
of translation.
22. ______________________ factors will bind to stop codons to terminate protein synthesis.
What are the three stop codons and which factors will bind to each?
23. ___________________ is a single message that contains multiple ribosomes. One ribosome
can bind every ___________ nucelotides.