Biology
Chapter 10 Objectives: How Proteins Are Made
From Genes to Proteins

Decoding the Information in the DNA

Transfer of Information from DNA to RNA

The Genetic Code: Three-Nucleotide “Words”

RNA’s Roles in Translation
Gene Regulation and Structure

Protein Synthesis in Prokaryotes

Protein Synthesis in Eukaryotes

Intervening DNA in Eukaryotic Genes

Mutations
Vocabulary
1. Ribonucleic Acid
(RNA)
2. Uracil
3. Transcription
4. Translation
5. Gene Expression
6. RNA Polymerase
7. Messenger RNA
8. Codon
9. Genetic Code
10. Transfer RNA
11. Anticodon
12. Ribosomal RNA
13. Point Mutation
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
 Compare the structure of RNA with that of DNA.
 Summarize the process of transcription.
 Relate the role of codons to the sequence of amino acids that
results after translation.
 Outline the major steps of translation.
 Discuss the evolutionary significance of the genetic code.
 Describe how the lac operon is turned on or off.
 Summarize the role of transcription factors in regulating
eukaryotic gene expression.
 Describe how eukaryotic genes are expressed.
 Evaluate three ways that point mutations can alter genetic
material.