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Phosphate
Deoxyribose
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
One base pair
One nucleotide

You should be able to :
• Identify or define (1-2)
• Describe (3-8)
• Explain and discuss (5-
8)
Protein synthesis

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 ribosome ribonucleic acid (RNA) cytoplasm gene amino acid protein
Deoxyribonucleic acid uracil

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What are genes?
•
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• Segments of DNA
Each gene is one recipe for how to make one protein
The order of the nitrogen bases determines what protein is made https://www.23andme.com/gen101/genes/ (*genetics 101)

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One nitrogen base substitution = sickleshaped red blood cells
=sickle cell disease

Chromosome 1 has the most genes (2968), the Y chromosome has the fewest (231).
Genes on chromosome 5 determine if you will have dimples
Genes on chromosomes 19 and 15 determine your eye color http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/chromosomes

1.
2.
3.
4.
DNA unzips at the start of one gene
RNA polymerase reads the bases in the gene
RNA polymerase makes a copy of the sequence
The copy is called mRNA or messenger RNA
Location of transcription? Patterns in mRNA? (3)

5.
mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels into the cytoplasm and to a ribosome

https://www.
youtube.com/ watch?v=erO
P76_qLWA
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
The ribosome reads the mRNA 3 bases at a time tRNA (transfer RNA) carries the correct amino acid to ribosome
The ribosome attaches the tRNA to the mRNA
The amino acids bond together
A protein is formed from the amino acids