Mock Exam 2
BY330 Summer 2014
1. Assume that 4 molecules of pyruvate enter the Krebs cycle and are
completely oxidized. Also allow oxidation of all electron carriers through the
electron transport chain. How many protons are pumped from the matrix of
the mitochondria to the inner membrane space? How many ATPs are created
as a result of only the ETC? How many water molecules are formed? What
enzyme allows for the production of ATP in the inner membrane of the
mitochondria?
2. The cytochrome complexes in the mitochondria have _______________ ions in
their core, normally present in the (oxidized, reduced) state.
3. Which of the following proteins can be used to synthesize ribosomal RNA in
eukaryotes? Circle all that apply.
a). RNA polymerase I
b). RNA polymerase II
c). RNA polymerase III
d). none of the above
4. ____________________________ RNA is usually about 100 nucleotides in length, and
functions in the nucleus. It can act as an enzyme catalyst and has been found
to have a lot of the __________________ nucleotide present.
5. Draw a prokaryotic mRNA gene and promoter regions and mRNA transcript
formed according to the following specifications: the gene should be 10
nucleotides downstream of the second conserved sequence and 10
nucleotides in length. Label the coding and template strands on the gene.
6. Which RNA polymerase has the ability to transcribe all genes found in a
eukaryotic cell?
7. ______________________ is the termination sequence present on a gene for
prokaryotic mRNA. This is the (same, different) as the termination sequence
present on a gene coding for eukaryotic mRNA.
8. True or False: All RNA transcripts in eukaryotes undergo post-transcriptional
modifications.
Mock Exam 2
BY330 Summer 2014
9. _____________________ is the sequence of nucelotides present on the template
strand of the gene for eukaryotic mRNA that signals UsnRNP to remove the
over-transcript produced. This sequence is about ________ nucelotides
upstream of the end of the gene.
10. Give two functions of a spliceosome.
11. True or False: All mature eukaryotic mRNA transcripts have a G-cap and a
poly-A tail.
12. List the two conserved sequences found in the promoter region of the gene
for eukaryotic mRNA and describe their locations in relation to each other
and the gene.
13. Eukaryotes have _______ S ribosomes, while prokaryotes have _______ S
ribosomes. The eukaryotic ribosome is made of a large subunit that is ______ S
and a small subunit that is _______ S. (True or False): The large subunit is
made exclusively of large ribosomal RNA.
14. Draw and label a “Christmas tree.” What gene transcripts are being produced
and in what ratio? What is the significance of the regions in between each
Christmas tree?
15. Eukaryotic ribosomal subunits are assembled in the _______________________
region of the ______________________. Each subunit is made up of some
Mock Exam 2
BY330 Summer 2014
combination of 4 _________ molecules and about ________ proteins.
_________________ ribosomal RNA is synthesized in the __________________ region of
the nucleolus, while _______________ ribosomal RNA is synthesized in the
_________________. The proteins that are incorporated into the structure of a
ribosome are synthesized in the _____________________. Once these parts are all
assembled into ribosomal subunits, they are exported to the
___________________.
16. Which of the following gene types have both a promoter and associated
“promoter-like” regions? Circle all that apply.
a). 5S rRNA
b). large rRNA
c). eukaryotic mRNA
d). tRNA
e). prokaryotic mRNA
17. A typical 5S rRNA gene is about ________ nucleotides in length and is
transcribed using RNA polymerase _______. Its promoter region is present
(upstream, inside, downstream) of the gene and is also known as the
_______________________________. RNA polymerase is attracted to the gene after the
binding of _________________ to the promoter region of this gene. The same
molecule combines with the 5S rRNA transcript to form a _________________
molecule that will be transported to the ______________________ region of the
nucleolus.
18. A eukaryotic mRNA transcript has a G-cap, a 40 nucelotide 5’ noncoding
region, a 50 nucleotide 3’ noncoding region, a 100 nucelotide poly-A tail, 3
exons that are 20 nucelotides each in length, and 2 introns that are 10
nucleotides each in length. What is the length of the mature mRNA that is
transported to the cytoplasm and the length of the mRNA that will be
translated?
19. What is the name of the enzyme that will attach an amino acid to a molecule
of tRNA? What are the two reactions that take place at its binding sites?
Mock Exam 2
BY330 Summer 2014
20. The three nucleotides always present at the 3’ end of a molecule of tRNA are
_______________. The ______________ loop also contains three nucleotides called the
________________________, that are complementary to the codon on a molecule of
mRNA.