Ancient Egypt Study Guide
*Lower Egypt
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Located in northern Egypt
Has the Delta within it, which was marshes
It’s symbol is the Papyrus
It was taken over for a period of time by the Hyksos who used the horse and chariots
Upper Egypt
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Located in the south
Believed to be the origin of the Nile
Lotus flower was its symbol
Nile cataracts was located here
Kemi/the Blackland
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Also called Blackland/kemi
Silt came from the annual flooding of the Nile
It is where the Egyptians farmed and lived because of the fertile ground
Called Blackland to identify the difference between it and the Redland, or the desert
**Menes/Narmer
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Also known as Narmer/Menes
His name and conquests are on the Narmer Tablet
Capital city was Memphis
United Upper and Lower Egypt in 3100 B.C.
Warrior King
**The Step Pyramid
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Built by Imenhotep
Built for Djoser
Made of 6 layers of mastabas
First pyramid made of stone
Built during the Old Kingdom
The Great Pyramid
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Built for Cheops
Built during the Old Kingdom at Gizeh
Leveled by trenches of water and today is only ½ inch off level
1 of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World
Greatest of the more than 80 pyramids
Base took up 30 acres
*Karnak
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Also called Ipet-isut
Temple of Amon
It is a city of temples built over 2000 years
It covers about 200 acres of land
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Wife and sister of Osiris
Mother of Horus
Goddess of magic
Sought the body of her murdered husband and tried to revive him
Isis
Anubis
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Jackel headed god
God of mummification
Guardian of the dead
Priests often wore a mask of Anubis during mummification ceremonies
**The ka
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The heart and soul of a person
Symbol is two hands resting on and over your head
Your heart weighed against a feather at the balance
If failed at the balance Ammut eats your ka
**Amonhotep IV/Akenaton
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His capital city is Tell-el-Amarna
Renamed himself Akenaton/Amonhotep IV
Said there should only be one god, called Aton
Father of king Tutankhamen
Wife’s name was Nefertiti
**Tutankhamen
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Was an unimportant pharaoh
Only known because his tomb was found intact so they found all the treasure
He became a pharaoh at age 10, was married at 12, and died at 19
Buried in the Valley of the Kings
His tomb was discovered by Howard Carter
Son of Akenton and Nefertiti
**Ramses II
1. Was also called Ramses “The Great”
2. His put his own face and name on many temples and things that were originally other
people’s
3. Had a temple at Abu Simbel with his wife Nefertari
4. Thought to be the pharaoh of the Exodus
5. Signed one of the first peace treaties with the Hittites
**The Rosetta stone
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Found by Napoleon’s troops
Deciphered by Champollion
Has 3 languages on it, including Demotic
Ptolomy and Cleopatra were on the stone within a cartouche
A black basalt stone
*Cartouche
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Is an oval shaped rope
Encircles royal names in hieroglyphics
Ptolomy and Cleopatra were located on the Rosetta stone with cartouches
Protective barrier
*Gizeh (Giza)
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The sphinx was located here
There were 3 pyramids located there
One of them is the “Great Pyramid”
All of them and the sphinx were all connected
*Osiris
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Brother and husband of Isis
Murdered by his brother, Seth, and cut into 14 or 16 pieces
His sons name was Horus
God of life and the god of death
Green god of agriculture
Abu Simbel
1. Temples of Ramses II and Nefertari
2. Professor John Wilson found the temple
3. He moved it up 200 feet in 1964 so it would not be flooded by the Russian Dam that was
being built
Delta
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Named after the Greek symbol delta (looked upside-down)
Delta split into 7 smaller rivers
Papyrus was grown in its fertile land
Located in the north/lower Egypt
5. Spills into Mediterranean sea
Nut
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Goddess of the Sky
Wore a starry dress
Swallowed the sun at night
Gave birth to the sun at dawn
**In what direction does the Nile River flow? – North
**Toward which direction do the prevalent winds of the Nile blow? – South
**What kingdom south of Lower Egypt unwillingly provided slaves for the Egyptian culture? –
Nubia
**What sea is directly north of Egypt? - Mediterranean Sea
**What desert is west of Egypt? – Sahara
**Through what “strip” of land was ancient Egypt most vulnerable to attack? – Gaza Strip
**What structure at Gizeh (built to honor Chephron, or Khafre) was nearly five stories high and
a football field in length? - Sphinx
What pinkish flower was the symbol of Upper Egypt? – Lotus
*What poisonous snake was the symbol of Lower Egypt? - Cobra
What did the ancient Egyptian mean by “Redland”? – Desert
What did the ancient Egyptian mean by “kemi”? - Blackland
**What reed plant (Moses bulrushes)-from which the Ancient made paper, ropes, baskets, and
even boats-was important to their life and economy? - Papyrus
**What was the ankh an ancient symbol for? – Symbol of life
**What Greek term (meaning sacred carvings) designates the ancient Egyptian writing which the
Egyptians referred to as “the god’s words”? – Hieroglyphics
**Who was the earliest Ancient Egyptian sun god? Re
*What goddess arched over the Earth with the stars on her body, and swallowed the sun each
evening only to rebirth it again each morning? – Nut
*What jackal-headed god was regarded as the guardian of the tombs and the conductor of the
dead to the judgment in the afterworld? – Anubis
**What is the capital city of Egypt today, where a fine museum holds most of the important
ancient Egyptian artifacts? – Cairo
An early vegetation god of ancient Egypt, who became the green-faced god of the judgement
was? – Osiris
**A 2500 year-old written source for some of our knowledge of ancient Egypt is the writing of?
– Herodotus
**Whose capitol was located at the site now referred to as Tell-el-Amarna? – Akenaton
**What was the name of the bearded woman pharaoh whose temple is located on the west side
of the Nile? – Hatshepsut
**On what side of the Nile river was/is the Necropolis? – The west
*In what part of Egypt was/is “Upper Egypt”? – The south
In what part of Egypt was/is “Lower Egypt”? – The North
**Where is the Red Sea compared to most of Egypt? – Northeast/east
**My heart my mother…may no one stand up to oppose me at the judgment.” These words are
part of a chant taken from the ancient Egyptian? – Book of the Dead
*What spectacular temple almost disappeared beneath the lake formed by the dam at Aswan? –
Abu Simbel
**What Oriental Institute professor headed a UNESCO team that saved it, moving it 200 feet up
a cliff? – John Wilson
**What queen was immortalized in stone (with her pharaoh husband) by that temple? – Nefertari
**During which of the 3 kingdoms were the pyramids built? – Old
**What “shepherd king” (foreign Semites) briefly conquered Egypt with the horse and chariot? –
The Hyksos
**What falcon-headed sky god was associated with the pharaoh while the pharaoh was alive? –
Horus
**Small carved figurines which were buried with the pharaohs, and were believed to come alive
and serve him in the afterlife are called? – Ushebti
*Who was the last queen to rule ancient Egypt? – Cleopatra
What did the ancient Egyptians bury with the pharaohs in canopic jars? – his vital organs
**What were the “cataracts” of Upper Egypt? – Waterfalls
**The top of what pyramid (name) was built at a shallow angle when one nearby collapsed/ The Bent Pyramid
What term indicates an oval around a name in ancient Egyptian writing? - Cartouche
*What new capital city did Alexander the Great build in ancient Egypt? – Alexandria
*What canal, constructed in the 19th century by Ferdinand de Lesseps, connects the
Mediterranean sea and the Red Sea – Suez Canal
*James Henry Brested of the Oriental Institute established the “--House” in 1922 in Cairo, in
order to make an epigraphic survey of ancient Egyptian artifacts which are deteriorating-Chicago
*The pharaoh’s vital organs were preserved were stored in --- jars. – Canoptic