Test Objectives: Solutions
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Know that all solutions are classified as homogeneous mixtures
Know that solutions are composed of 2 parts: solute & solvent
Define the terms unsaturated, saturated & supersaturated
o Know that supersaturated solutions are unstable
o Be able to explain how to prepare a supersaturated solution
Define the terms miscible & immiscible
Be able to solve for any variable in Molarity (M) word problems
o Molarity = moles of solute
Moles of solution
 be able to convert mass of solute to moles before solving the word problems
Be able to solve Molarity (M) in dilution word problems
Be able to solve for any variable in the equations for % concentration (volume or mass) & ppm
o mass solution = mass solute + mass solvent
Be able to describe the effect of polarity, temperature & pressure on the solubility of solids in
liquids, liquids in liquids or gas in liquids
o remember: pressure only effects solubility of gases in liquids
o as temperature increases the solubility of solids tends to increase but the solubility of gases
tends to decrease
Know the factors that effect the rate of solution & why they effect the rate:
o temperature
o stirring or agitation
o surface area
Be able to predict the solubility of non-polar, polar & ionic compounds in polar & nonpolar
liquids
o rule of thumb: ‘like dissolves like’
o know that alcohols have characteristics of both polar & non-polar liquids but do not dissolve
ionic compounds
Determine how soluble a compound is at a given temperature using the solubility traces found in
Table G
o use solubility curves to predict how much water is required to dissolve a given amount of
solute at a given temp or how much solute will dissolve in a given amount of water
o be able to predict the amount of solute that will crystallize (precipitate) from solution
when it is chilled
o use Table G to predict if a solution is saturated, unsaturated or supersaturated
Determine whether a given compound will be soluble or insoluble in water using the guidelines in
Table F.
Know what makes a compound an electrolyte or a non-electrolyte
o in general ionic compounds are electrolytes & covalent compounds (except acids) are not
o know how to determine the number of ions a given ionic compound produces when it
dissociates in solution
Define the term collogative properties and know that it is the concentration of the particles that is
important not the nature of the particles
Describe the effects of a non-volatile solute on the freezing and boiling points of a liquid
o freezing point decreases, boiling point increases, vapor pressure decreases
o know that the effect on fp & bp is proportional to the number of particles in the solution
 ex: 1M Na2SO4 has a greater effect than 1M NaCl
 ex: 1M KBr has a greater effect than 0.5M KBr