Suggested Method for Vocabulary Mastery
Word
Definition
Picture
Vocabulary
Autotroph – organisms that creates organic carbon (food)
Heterotroph – organism that gets energy from organic carbon (
Food chain – transfer of energy between organisms. Beginning with producers and
ending with decomposers.
Trophic levels – organisms at energy levels within an ecosystem
Photosynthesis – carbon dioxide plus water with sunlight yields sugar and oxygen
Xylem – plant tissue that moves water from roots to leaves
Phloem – moves sugar and other compounds throughout the plant (both ways)
Stomata – small openings in underside of leaves. CO2 in water vapor and O2 out
Guard cell – opens and closes the stomata
Chlorophyll – pigment in the chloroplast. Absorbs radiation. Reflects green
Pigments – compounds that absorb visible light
Chloroplast – organelle in the cell of plants where photosynthesis happens
ROYGBIV – colors of the visible light spectrum
Respiration – glucose plus oxygen yields carbon dioxide plus water plus ATP
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria – organelle in cell that breaks down pyruvate into CO2 water and ATP,
Glycolysis – breakdown of glucose by an enzyme in cytoplasm
Fermentation – making energy without using oxygen
ATP – adenosine triphosphate, energy currency
Cell Division – cell divides into two daughter cells
Cell Cycle – lifecycle of a cell
Interphase – cells grows readies for division. DNA replication
Prophase – centrioles move to opposite sides
Metaphase – chromosomes line up with spindle fibers attached
Anaphase – chromosomes separate, spindle fibers shorten
Telophase - furrow develops and cells begin to divide. Nuclear envelope reforms
Cytokinesis – organelles reproduce, cell is divided
DNA replication - copying DNA
Nucleotide - nitrogen base, phosphate group, sugar
Codon – 3 nucleotides, codes for an amino acid that make protein.
Base pairing – A:T and C:G
Chromosome – structure in nucleus that hold DNA
Chromatid – one half of the chromosome
Virus – DNA that infects other cells,
Bacteriophage – virus that affects bacteria
Lytic – virus that injects DNA and reproduces immediately
Lysogenic – virus DNA becomes part of host cell
Cancer – mutated cells, reproduce abnormally and fast
Mutations – changes in DNA that damage the cell
Tumor – abnormal growth
Radiation – using radiation to kill cells
Chemotherapy – treatment with pharmaceuticals
Surgery –
Key Concepts
Photosynthesis
Changes in CO2 and O2 in leaves
In the dark plants do respiration
In the light plants do photosynthesis
Pigments and Visible light spectrum
Many pigments allow plants to absorb more of the visible light spectrum
Light dependent, light independent
Respiration
Fermentation – less efficient, anaerobic