Key
Geological Features Test Review
Define the following:
1. Trench-deepest part of the oceans, located on the edge of convergence zones
2. Submarine canyon- a deep canyon cut into the continental shelf and slope
3. Continental slope- the part of the ocean that connects the continental shelf to the ocean basin that is
characterized by a drastic change in depth
4. Seamount- an isolated undersea hill or mountain
5. Continental Margin- shallow water areas close to the continents
6. Island chain- a group of islands formed by the same geological process
7. Bay-inlet of the sea
8. Atoll- a ring shaped coral reef surrounding a lagoon; it may have low
9. Passive Margin- continental margin with a low degree of tectonic activity
10. Peninsula-a piece of land almost completely surrounded by water
11. Continental Shelf- submerged part of the continent forming the shallow seafloor extending outward
from the edge of the continent
12. Guyot- seamount with a flat top
13. Abyssal plain- flat surface extending seaward from the continental rise
14. Active Margin- continental margin with a high degree of tectonic activity
Labeling:
-
Be able to label the following on a map
Submarine Canyon
Continental Shelf
Bay
Headland/cape
Island
Delta
Continental Slope
Questions:
1. Which ocean is getting bigger and why? Atlantic; divergent boundaries
2. Which ocean is getting smaller and why? Pacific; convergent boundaries
3. What boundaries create new oceanic crust? Divergent boundaries
4. What boundaries destroy oceanic crust? Convergent boundaries
5. What is the driving force behind plate tectonics? Convection currents
6. Where does seafloor spreading begin? Rift valleys
7. How is the mid-ocean ridge formed? Divergent boundaries
8. How is a trench formed? Convergent boundaries
9. How were the Aleutian Islands formed? Oceanic-oceanic convergent boundaries
10. How was Hawaii formed? Hot spots
11. Where is the International Date Line located? 180
12. How is longitude read? East or west of prime meridian
13. What is the primary reference line for latitude? equator
14. How is latitude read? North or south of the equator
15. What is the primary reference line for longitude? Prime meridian
16. What is a divergent boundary? Where new crust is formed by sea floor spreading
17. What is a characteristic/main feature of a divergent boundary? rift
18. What is a convergent boundary? When two plates collide
19. What is a characteristic/main feature of a convergent boundary? Subduction zone with a trench; volcanoes
20. What are the types of convergent boundaries discussed in class? Oceanic-oceanic; oceanic-continental
21. Which crust is denser? Oceanic crust
22. Which crust is less dense? Continental crust
23. In an island chain which island is the “youngest” and which island is the “oldest”? youngest close to hot
spot; oldest furthest away from hot spot
24. What mechanism creates a ridge? Sea floor spreading
25. In the Atlantic, which part of the oceanic crust is younger? Closest to ridge
26. In the Atlantic, which part of the oceanic crust is older? Farthest from ridge; near continent
27. What does the topography look like at active margins? Chains of islands; deep sea trenches; thin
sediment; volcanic and earthquake activity
28. What does the topography look like at passive margins? Broad continental shelves; shallow coastal
waters; thick sediment accumulation; very little volcanic and earthquake activity
29. List everything associated with a divergent boundary. Rift valley; seafloor spreading
30. List everything associated with a convergent boundary. Oceanic- oceanic; oceanic-continental; island
arc; trench ; volcanoes