Noun declensions: 1st - 3rd
1st decl
Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
-a
-ae
-ae
-am
-ā
Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
-ae
-ārum
-īs
-ās
-īs
2nd Decl
Masc
neut
-us
-um
-ī
-ī
-ō
-ō
-um
-um
-ō
-ō
3rd declension
M&F
N
----------is
-is
-ī
-ī
-em
------e
-e
4th decl
5th decl
-us
-ūs
-uī
-um
-ū
-ēs
-eī
-eī
-em
-ē
-ī
-ōrum
-īs
-ōs
-īs
-a
-ōrum
-īs
-a
-īs
-ēs
-um
-ibus
-ēs
-ibus
-a
-um
-ibus
-a
-ibus
-ūs
-uum
-ibus
-ūs
-ibus
-ēs
-ērum
-ēbus
-ēs
-ēbus
Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
1st
silva
silvae
silvae
silvam
silvā
2nd
hortus
hortī
hortō
hortum
hortō
2nd Neut
bellum
bellī
bellō
bellum
bellō
3rd decl.
comes
comitis
comitī
comitem
comite
3rd Neut
carmen
carminis
carminī
carmen
carmine
4th
manus
manūs
manuī
manum
manū
5th
spēs
speī
speī
spem
spē
Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
silvae
silvārum
silvīs
silvās
silvīs
hortī
hortōrum
hortīs
hortōs
hortīs
bella
bellōrum
bellīs
bella
bellīs
comitē
comitum
comitibus
comitēs
comitibus
carmina
carminum
carminibus
carmina
carminibus
manūs
manuum
manibus
manūs
manibus
spēs
spērum
spēbus
spēs
spēbus
EXAMPLES:
Noun Function Chart
Nominative: Subject or Predicate Nominative
Genitive: Possession, ‘of’
Dative: Indirect Object (IO)
Accusative: Direct Object (DO) or Object of a Preposition (OOP)
Ablative: Object of a Preposition (OOP)
Adjectives – Two Kinds
1st & 2nd Declension Adjectives
Singular
Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
M
latus
latī
latō
latum
latō
F
lata
latae
latae
latam
latā
N
latum
latī
latō
latum
latō
Plural
Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
latī
latōrum
latīs
latōs
latīs
latae
latārum
latīs
latās
latīs
lata
latōrum
latīs
lata
latīs
3rd Declension Adjectives
NB: Ablative singular is –ī instead of –e
Singular
Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
M
fortis
fortis
fortī
fortem
fortī
F
fortis
fortis
fortī
fortem
fortī
N
forte
fortis
fortī
forte
fortī
Plural
Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
fortēs
fortium
fortibus
fortēs
fortibus
fortēs
fortium
fortibus
fortēs
fortibus
fortia
fortium
fortibus
fortia
fortibus
Demonstratives: adjectives/pronouns
ille, illa, illud
Adjective (with a noun): that/those
Pronoun (by itself): he/she/it/they etc.
ille
illius
illī
illum
illō
illa
illius
illī
illam
illā
illud
illius
illī
illud
illō
illī
illōrum
illīs
illōs
illīs
illae
illārum
illīs
illās
illīs
illa
illōrum
illīs
illa
illīs
hic, haec, hoc
Adjective (with a noun): this/these
Pronoun (by itself): he/she/it/they etc.
hic
huius
huic
hunc
hōc
haec
huius
huic
hanc
hāc
hoc
huius
huic
hoc
hōc
hī
hōrum
hīs
hōs
hīs
hae
hārum
hīs
hās
hīs
haec
hōrum
hīs
haec
hīs
Personal pronouns
1st person singular
ego
meī
mihi
me
me
I
of me
to me
me
me
1st person plural
nōs
nostrum
nobīs
nōs
nobīs
we
of us
to us
us
us
2nd person singular
tu
tuī
tibi
te
te
you
of you
to you
you
you
2nd person plural
vōs
vestrum
vobīs
vōs
vobīs
you
of you
to you
you
you
3rd person
Pronoun
Adjective
is
eius
eī
eum
eō
ea
eius
eī
eam
eā
id
eius
eī
id
eō
he she it
his, hers, its
to him/her/it
him/her/it
him/her/it
this/that
this/that
this/that
this/that
this/that
eī
eōrum
eīs
eōs
eīs
eae
eārum
eīs
eās
eīs
ea
eōrum
eīs
ea
eīs
they
their
to them
them
them
these/those
these/those
these, those
these/those
these/those
Verb Basics
conjugations
1st conj: -ō, -āre [amō, amāre…vocō, vocāre…]
2nd conj: -eō, -ēre [teneō, tenēre…videō, -ēre…]
3rd conj: -ō, -ere [ducō, -ere…resistō, -ere…]
3rd conj ‘io’: -iō, -ere [capiō, capere…cupiō, cupere…]
4th conj: -iō, -īre [veniō, venīre…audiō, -īre…]
Personal endings:
1st pers. sing: -ō, -m
2nd pers. sing: -s
3rd pers. sing: -t
1st pers. pl: -mus
2nd pers. sing: -tis
3rd pers. sing: -nt
=I
= you
= he/she/it
= we
= you (pl)
= they
Imperative/Command forms
1st conj.
sing: -a pl: -ate
2nd conj.
sing: -e pl: -ete
3rd conj.
sing: -e pl: -ite
3rd conj. ‘io’ sing: -e pl: -ite
4th conj.
sing: -ī pl: -ite
Exceptions in singular only: duc (not duce), fac (not face)
dic (not dice)
Miscellaneous Cool Stuff…
Ablative 8: ab (a) – from/away from, de – from/down from/ about, ex (e) –
from/out of, cum - with, sine - without, in – in/on, sub - under, pro - for
Give, Show, Tell (GST) verbs that take a dative indirect object:
Give: dō - give, tradō – hand over, reddō – return/give back, dedō – give up
Show: ostendō – show, demonstrō – show, doceō- teach,
Tell: narrō – tell, dicō – say, respondeō, recitō – recite, canō – sing, cantō – sing
Common verbs that take a complimentary infinitive:
possum – be able, debeō – ought/must, constituō – decide, cupiō – want, amō –
love/like, iubeō – order, temptō - try/attempt, volō – be willing, nolō – be
unwilling, parō – prepare, cogo – force/compel, sinō – allow
Verbs that take the dative instead of the accusative in book 1:
occurrō – meet, succurrō – help, imperō – order, resistō – resist, invideō – envy/be
jealous of, placeō – please